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[Current etiological structure of acute viral hepatitis in children]
Insights
Hepatitis A is the primary cause of viral hepatitis in Moscow children, accounting for 83.1%. Hepatitis B and D coinfection are less common, highlighting the need for targeted prevention strategies.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases
- Hepatology
- Virology
Background:
- Viral hepatitis (VH) presents a significant public health challenge in pediatric populations.
- Understanding the etiological landscape of VH is crucial for effective management and prevention strategies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To define the etiological structure of acute viral hepatitis in children admitted to a Moscow clinic.
- To identify the prevalence of different hepatitis viruses (A, B, and delta) in pediatric cases.
Main Methods:
- Clinico-laboratory studies were conducted on 345 children diagnosed with acute viral hepatitis.
- Serological markers for hepatitis A virus (HAV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), and hepatitis D virus (HDV) were identified.
Main Results:
- Hepatitis A virus (HAV) accounted for 83.1% of VH cases in children.
- Acute hepatitis B virus (HBV) comprised 11.1%, and HBV/HDV coinfection was observed in 2.6% of cases.
- In infants, acute hepatitis was primarily linked to HBV infection or HBV/HDV coinfection.
Conclusions:
- Hepatitis A is the predominant cause of viral hepatitis in Moscow children.
- Diagnostic, treatment, and prophylactic measures for VH in childhood should prioritize HAV and HBV, with consideration for HDV coinfection.
Abstract:
The etiological structure of viral hepatitides (VH) was defined in 345 children admitted to the clinic during one year with a diagnosis of acute viral hepatitis. It was established on the basis of clinico-laboratory studies and identification of serological markers of viral hepatitides A, B and delta. It has been demonstrated that in the structure of viral hepatitides in children living in Moscow, VHA accounts for 83.1%, acute VHB for 11.1%, HBV and HDV coinfection for 2.6%, and VH non A non B for 1.7%. In children of the first year of life, acute hepatitis was etiologically related to HBV-infection or to HBV and HDV coinfection. In a negligible part of the patients, VHA was diagnosed in the presence of chronic HBV-infection (1.2%) or exacerbation of chronic hepatitis B (0.3%). These data should be taken into consideration in planning and carrying out diagnostic, treatment and prophylactic measures aimed at solving VH problem in childhood.