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Related Concept Videos

MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...
The JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway01:20

The JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway

Several cytokine receptors have tightly bound Janus kinase or JAK proteins attached at their cytosolic tail. Small signaling molecules such as cytokines, growth hormones, or prolactins bind to the cytokine receptors and initiate their dimerization. The dimerization brings the cytosolic JAKs together that trans-phosphorylate and activates each other. The activated JAKs now phosphorylate cytosolic tails of the cytokine receptors, which serve as binding sites for adaptor proteins such as  SH2...
T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...

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Related Experiment Videos

MicroRNAs and potential target interactions in psoriasis.

John R Zibert1, Marianne B Løvendorf, Thomas Litman

  • 1Department of Dermato-Allergology, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Niels Andersens Vej 65, 2900 Hellerup, Denmark. johnzibert@gmail.com

Journal of Dermatological Science
|April 27, 2010
PubMed
Summary

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are key regulators in psoriasis. This study identified novel miRNA-mRNA interactions, including the miR-221/2-TIMP3 pathway, suggesting their role in psoriasis pathogenesis.

Related Experiment Videos

Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin condition with a genetic basis.
  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are crucial regulators of gene expression involved in various biological processes, including immunological disorders.
  • Dysregulation of miRNAs contributes to the pathogenesis of human diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate microRNA (miRNA) and messenger RNA (mRNA) interactions in psoriatic skin.
  • To compare miRNA and mRNA profiles in involved psoriatic skin (PP), non-involved psoriatic skin (PN), and healthy skin (NN).

Main Methods:

  • Microarray analysis of miRNA and mRNA expression in PP, PN, and NN skin biopsies.
  • Validation of selected miRNA and mRNA using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (q-RT-PCR).
  • Bioinformatic analysis (PubMed, miRBase, RNAhybrid) to identify novel miRNA-mRNA targets.
  • Assessment of TIMP3 protein expression and in vitro study of miR-221/2-TIMP3 interaction in keratinocytes.

Main Results:

  • Identified 42 upregulated and 5 downregulated miRNAs in psoriatic skin (PP) compared to healthy skin (NN).
  • Discovered potential mRNA targets for miR-21, -205, -221, and -222 in psoriatic skin, including genes involved in cellular growth, proliferation, apoptosis, and extracellular matrix degradation.
  • Confirmed downregulation of TIMP3 in psoriatic skin and demonstrated that miR-221 and miR-222 overexpression reduces TIMP3 protein levels.

Conclusions:

  • Several novel miRNA associations in psoriasis pathogenesis were identified.
  • The miR-221/2-TIMP3 interaction is a significant finding that may play a role in the development of psoriasis.