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Related Concept Videos

Borderline Personality Disorder01:25

Borderline Personality Disorder

Borderline Personality Disorder is a complex and multifaceted mental health condition characterized by pervasive instability in interpersonal relationships, self-image, emotions, and impulse control. This instability manifests in extreme emotional reactions, fear of abandonment, and self-destructive behaviors. The disorder significantly impacts daily functioning, often leading to distress in both personal and professional domains.
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Personality disorders represent enduring cognition, affect, and behavior patterns that significantly deviate from societal norms. These maladaptive traits often lead to difficulties in various domains, including interpersonal relationships, occupational settings, and overall psychological well-being. Paranoid personality disorder and schizoid personality disorder are two distinct conditions marked by odd or eccentric behavior.
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Abnormal behavior, often referred to as mental illness, results from changes in brain function that influence thought patterns, behaviors, and social interactions. Psychologists and psychiatrists typically assess abnormal behavior using three primary criteria: deviance, maladaptation, and personal distress, particularly when these traits persist over long periods.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 13, 2026

Use of a Psychophysiological Script-driven Imagery Experiment to Study Trauma-related Dissociation in Borderline Personality Disorder
09:55

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Published on: March 8, 2018

Abnormal prefrontal cortical response during affective processing in borderline personality disorder.

Anthony C Ruocco1, John D Medaglia, Hasan Ayaz

  • 1Department of Psychology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA. anthony.ruocco@gmail.com

Psychiatry Research
|April 27, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Borderline personality disorder (BPD) involves emotion dysregulation linked to prefrontal cortex (PFC) dysfunction. This study found abnormal PFC activity in BPD patients when processing sadness, potentially explaining their emotional control difficulties.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • Emotion dysregulation is a core feature of borderline personality disorder (BPD).
  • Dysfunction in prefrontal (PFC) and limbic systems is implicated in BPD's emotional instability.
  • Understanding PFC function during emotional processing in BPD is crucial for targeted interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate prefrontal cortex (PFC) function in females with BPD during the experience and suppression of sadness.
  • To compare PFC activity between BPD patients and healthy controls using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS).
  • To explore the relationship between PFC activation patterns and emotion regulation difficulties in BPD.

Main Methods:

  • Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) measured evoked hemodynamic oxygenated hemoglobin (oxy-Hb) in the PFC.
  • Participants included females with BPD (N=9) and age-, gender-, and IQ-matched healthy controls (N=8).
  • Subjects viewed neutral or sad images and were instructed to maintain or suppress emotional reactions.

Main Results:

  • No significant group differences in behavioral sadness suppression or overall evoked oxy-Hb levels were found.
  • Both BPD and control groups activated lateral PFC regions during emotional suppression.
  • In BPD, right lateral PFC activation correlated with difficulty suppressing sadness, unlike the inverse relationship in controls' left lateral PFC.
  • Medial PFC activation slopes differed: steep and positive in controls, shallow and negative in BPD, correlating with symptom severity.

Conclusions:

  • BPD subjects exhibit abnormal medial PFC evoked oxy-Hb responses during transient sadness.
  • Right lateral PFC recruitment in BPD is associated with self-reported emotion suppression difficulties.
  • Altered cortical responses in BPD, potentially involving subcortical-limbic interactions, may underlie emotion dysregulation.