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Related Concept Videos

Abnormal Proliferation02:23

Abnormal Proliferation

Under normal conditions, most adult cells remain in a non-proliferative state unless stimulated by internal or external factors to replace lost cells. Abnormal cell proliferation is a condition in which the cell's growth exceeds and is uncoordinated with normal cells. In such situations, cell division persists in the same excessive manner even after cessation of the stimuli, leading to persistent tumors. The tumor arises from the damaged cells that replicate to pass the damage to the daughter...
Interactions Between Signaling Pathways01:19

Interactions Between Signaling Pathways

Signaling cascades usually lack linearity. Multiple pathways interact and regulate one another, allowing cells to integrate and respond to diverse environmental stimuli.
Convergence and divergence, and cross-talk between signaling pathways
Two distinct signaling pathways can converge on a single functional unit, which may either be a single protein or a complex of proteins. The response is either functionally distinct or synergistic between the two pathways but different from the response...
IP3/DAG Signaling Pathway01:11

IP3/DAG Signaling Pathway

Membrane lipids such as phosphatidylinositol (PI) are precursors for several membrane-bound and soluble second messengers. Specific kinases phosphorylate PI and produce phosphorylated inositol phospholipids. One such inositol phospholipids are the  phosphatidylinositol-4,5 bisphosphate [PI(4,5)P2], present in the inner half of the lipid bilayer. Upon ligand binding, GPCR stimulates Gq proteins to turn on phospholipase Cꞵ. Activated phospholipase Cꞵ cleaves PI(4,5)P2 and produces two-second...
Negative Regulator Molecules01:23

Negative Regulator Molecules

Positive regulators allow a cell to advance through cell cycle checkpoints. Negative regulators have an equally important role as they terminate a cell’s progression through the cell cycle—or pause it—until the cell meets specific criteria.
DNA Damage Can Stall the Cell Cycle02:36

DNA Damage Can Stall the Cell Cycle

In response to DNA damage, cells can pause the cell cycle to assess and repair the breaks. However, the cell must check the DNA at certain critical stages during the cell cycle. If the cell cycle pauses before DNA replication, the cells will contain twice the amount of DNA. On the other hand, if cells arrest after DNA replication but before mitosis, they will contain four times the normal amount of DNA. With a host of specialized proteins at their disposal,cells must use the right protein at...
DNA Damage can Stall the Cell Cycle02:36

DNA Damage can Stall the Cell Cycle

In response to DNA damage, cells can pause the cell cycle to assess and repair the breaks. However, the cell must check the DNA at certain critical stages during the cell cycle. If the cell cycle pauses before DNA replication, the cells will contain twice the amount of DNA. On the other hand, if cells arrest after DNA replication but before mitosis, they will contain four times the normal amount of DNA. With a host of specialized proteins at their disposal,cells must use the right protein at...

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Updated: Jun 13, 2026

Purification of Ubiquitinated p53 Proteins from Mammalian Cells
10:55

Purification of Ubiquitinated p53 Proteins from Mammalian Cells

Published on: March 21, 2022

Puzzling over MDM4-p53 network.

F Mancini1, G Di Conza, O Monti

  • 1Institute of Neurobiology and Molecular Medicine/Fondazione Santa Lucia, CNR, Via del Fosso di Fiorano 64, 00143 Roma, Italy.

The International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology
|April 27, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

MDM4 (also called MDMX) is a p53 inhibitor crucial for mouse development. Recent findings reveal MDM4 also positively regulates stress-activated p53, indicating a complex role beyond simple inhibition.

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Published on: August 4, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Molecular biology
  • Cancer research
  • Cellular signaling

Background:

  • MDM4 (MDMX) was initially identified as a negative regulator of the tumor suppressor p53.
  • Its inhibitory role on p53 is essential for embryonic development.
  • Therapeutic strategies targeting MDM4 inhibition of p53 are under investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the multifaceted roles of MDM4 in regulating p53.
  • To explore the complex relationship between MDM4 and p53 under various conditions.
  • To discuss factors influencing MDM4 localization and function.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of molecular and developmental studies on MDM4 and p53.
  • Analysis of data on MDM4's impact on p53 protein levels and transcriptional activity.
  • Examination of recent findings on MDM4's context-dependent functions.

Main Results:

  • MDM4 inhibits p53's tumor suppressive functions, critical for mouse development.
  • MDM4 also exhibits a positive regulatory role on stress-induced p53 activation and apoptosis.
  • MDM4's function is heterogeneous and influenced by cellular context and growth conditions.

Conclusions:

  • The relationship between MDM4 and p53 is more complex than previously thought.
  • MDM4's dual role in p53 regulation has implications for cancer therapy.
  • Understanding MDM4's modulators is key for developing targeted therapeutic strategies.