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Binge Eating Disorders01:23

Binge Eating Disorders

Binge eating disorder is a significant mental health condition characterized by recurrent episodes of excessive food consumption within a short period, accompanied by a perceived loss of control over eating behavior. Unlike occasional overeating, binge eating disorder is marked by distressing emotions such as guilt, shame, and anxiety following binge episodes. The disorder affects individuals across different ages and backgrounds, with profound implications for physical and psychological...
Bulimia Nervosa01:30

Bulimia Nervosa

Bulimia nervosa is a complex and severe eating disorder characterized by a cyclical pattern of binge-and-purge eating pattern. It generally involves an episode of binge eating, followed by compensatory behaviors such as vomiting, excessive exercise, laxative use, or fasting, to prevent weight gain. Despite often maintaining a normal weight, individuals with bulimia are intensely preoccupied with their body image and harbor an overwhelming fear of gaining weight. This can contribute to the...
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Drug dependence, abuse, and addiction are complex phenomena that can precipitate various abnormal states. Physical dependence refers to a state of pharmacological adaptation to a drug. This adaptation often results in tolerance—a reduced response to the drug after repeated administrations. When the drug use is abruptly stopped, withdrawal symptoms occur due to the body's need to readjust from the pharmacologically induced imbalance. However, tolerance and withdrawal symptoms do not necessarily...
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Intermittent Binge-Intake Model in Mice
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Dopamine and binge eating behaviors.

Nicholas T Bello1, Andras Hajnal

  • 1Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.

Pharmacology, Biochemistry, and Behavior
|April 27, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Dopamine plays a key role in binge eating disorder (BED) and bulimia nervosa (BN). Sustained dopamine stimulation from bingeing may impair signaling, necessitating new treatments targeting compulsive eating behaviors.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Behavioral Science
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Central dopaminergic mechanisms influence eating motivation and food choices.
  • Binge eating behaviors are linked to dopamine system dysregulation.
  • Previous research suggests altered dopamine turnover in bulimia nervosa.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review human and animal data on dopamine's role in binge eating.
  • To explore the neurobiological underpinnings of binge eating disorder (BED) and bulimia nervosa (BN).
  • To propose mechanisms for dopamine system impairment in compulsive eating.

Main Methods:

  • Review of human studies (cerebrospinal fluid, plasma, neuroimaging, genetic analyses).
  • Analysis of animal models, specifically dietary-induced binge eating (DIBE) in rodents.
  • Examination of dopamine metabolite levels and neuroimaging data.

Main Results:

  • Genetic studies show dopamine transporter and D2 receptor polymorphisms associated with binge pathology.
  • Rodent models demonstrate sustained dopamine stimulation in the nucleus accumbens during binge eating.
  • Evidence suggests dopamine's role in perpetuating compulsive feeding patterns in BN and BED.

Conclusions:

  • Sustained dopamine stimulation from bingeing, influenced by various factors, may progressively impair dopamine signaling.
  • This creates a cycle that perpetuates compulsive eating.
  • Novel treatments targeting the neural substrates of compulsive eating are needed to disrupt this cycle.