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Related Concept Videos

Chronic Kidney Disease II: Clinical Manifestations01:24

Chronic Kidney Disease II: Clinical Manifestations

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) progressively impairs multiple body systems due to the accumulation of uremic toxins, which disrupt cellular functions across various organs.Neurologic symptomsNeurologic symptoms often arise early in CKD, as uremic toxin buildup drives changes in cognitive and motor functions. Patients frequently experience fatigue, headache, confusion, difficulty concentrating, and, in severe cases, seizures. Peripheral neuropathy commonly manifests as burning sensations in the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 13, 2026

Characterization of Sickling During Controlled Automated Deoxygenation with Oxygen Gradient Ektacytometry
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Published on: November 5, 2019

Hemoglobin differences by race in children with CKD.

Meredith A Atkinson1, Christopher B Pierce, Rachel M Zack

  • 1Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA. matkins3@jhmi.edu

American Journal of Kidney Diseases : the Official Journal of the National Kidney Foundation
|April 27, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Racial disparities in hemoglobin levels exist in children with chronic kidney disease (CKD). African American children with CKD had lower hemoglobin levels than white children, independent of CKD cause.

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Published on: October 2, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Nephrology
  • Hematology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Racial disparities in anemia are documented in adult chronic kidney disease (CKD).
  • These disparities are less understood in pediatric populations with CKD.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate racial differences in hemoglobin levels among children with CKD.
  • To determine if race is an independent predictor of hemoglobin levels in pediatric CKD.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional analysis of 429 children from the Chronic Kidney Disease in Children (CKiD) Study.
  • Examined the association between race (African American vs. white) and hemoglobin levels using multiple linear regression and generalized gamma modeling.

Main Results:

  • African American children constituted 21% of the cohort.
  • African American children had lower average hemoglobin levels (0.6 g/dL lower) than white children, independent of glomerular filtration rate and CKD diagnosis.
  • Hemoglobin level differences by race were more pronounced at lower hemoglobin concentrations.

Conclusions:

  • African American children with CKD exhibit lower hemoglobin levels compared to white children, irrespective of CKD etiology.
  • These racial disparities in hemoglobin are more evident at the lower end of the hemoglobin distribution in pediatric CKD.