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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 13, 2026

The Establishment of a Murine Maxillary Orthodontic Model
04:11

The Establishment of a Murine Maxillary Orthodontic Model

Published on: October 27, 2023

Root resorption after experimental tooth movement using superelastic forces in the rat.

Koji Noda1, Chihiro Arai, Yoshiki Nakamura

  • 1Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan. noda-k@tsurumi-u.ac.jp

European Journal of Orthodontics
|April 27, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Orthodontic forces exceeding 1.6 g significantly increase root resorption in rat molars. Higher forces (4-8 g) cause marked root resorption and tissue degeneration, while lower forces (0.8 g) show minimal effects comparable to controls.

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Area of Science:

  • Orthodontics
  • Biomaterials Science
  • Dental Research

Background:

  • Root resorption is a common side effect of orthodontic tooth movement.
  • Understanding the relationship between applied force magnitude and root resorption is crucial for optimizing treatment outcomes.
  • Nickel-titanium (NiTi) alloy wires are widely used in orthodontics due to their unique properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the rate of root resorption in response to varying continuous force magnitudes during experimental tooth movement.
  • To determine the threshold of continuous force that initiates significant root resorption in rat molars.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental tooth movement was induced in rat upper first molars using NiTi wires with four force magnitudes (0.8, 1.6, 4, and 8 g).

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Last Updated: Jun 13, 2026

The Establishment of a Murine Maxillary Orthodontic Model
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  • Samples were analyzed at multiple time points (1, 7, 14, 21, 28 days) using light microscopy.
  • Root resorption was quantified by measuring the ratio of lacuna length to root surface length and statistically analyzed.

    • Main Results:

    • Forces of 4 and 8 g resulted in significant undermining bone resorption, tissue degeneration, and marked root resorption.
    • A force of 1.6 g caused noticeable root resorption, while 0.8 g showed effects similar to the control group.
    • Root resorption rates increased significantly with forces exceeding 1.6 g, particularly at 4 and 8 g, with a dose-dependent increase observed from 0.8 g to 4 g.

    Conclusions:

    • Continuous orthodontic forces greater than 1.6 g significantly induce root resorption in rat molars.
    • The magnitude of root resorption is directly related to the applied force, increasing with higher force levels.
    • These findings highlight the importance of controlled force application in orthodontic treatment to minimize iatrogenic root damage.