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The addition or removal of phosphate groups from proteins is the most common chemical modification that regulates cellular processes. These modifications can affect the structure, activity, stability, and localization of proteins within cells as well as their interactions with other proteins.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 13, 2026

Measuring Fluxes of Mineral Nutrients and Toxicants in Plants with Radioactive Tracers

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Published on: August 22, 2014

Adjusting ammonium uptake via phosphorylation.

Viviane Lanquar¹, Wolf B Frommer

¹Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA, USA.

Plant Signaling & Behavior

|April 27, 2010

Summary

High-affinity ammonium uptake in plants relies on AMT/MEP transporters. Ammonium triggers C-terminal phosphorylation, reducing uptake to prevent toxicity.

Area of Science:

Plant biology
Molecular biology
Biochemistry

Background:

The AMT/MEP/Rh superfamily facilitates high-affinity ammonium (NH4+) uptake in plants.
AMT/MEP transporters function as trimeric complexes, necessitating proper subunit interactions for activity.
A highly conserved C-terminal domain is present in over 700 AMT homologs across diverse plant species.

Discussion:

AMT1;1 transporter activity is likely regulated by the C-terminal domain's spatial positioning, influencing active and inactive states.
Ammonium exposure induces time- and concentration-dependent phosphorylation of a conserved threonine residue (T460) in the AMT1;1 C-terminus.
Increased T460 phosphorylation correlates with diminished root ammonium uptake.

Key Insights:

Ammonium-induced C-terminal phosphorylation acts as a regulatory mechanism for AMT1;1.

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This phosphorylation event appears to decrease the transporter's efficiency in ammonium uptake.

The study proposes a general protective mechanism against ammonium toxicity mediated by this phosphorylation.

Outlook:

Further investigation into the precise structural changes upon T460 phosphorylation.
Exploring the role of ammonium-induced phosphorylation in other AMT/MEP family members.
Understanding the broader physiological implications of this regulatory pathway in plant ammonium nutrition.