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Related Concept Videos

Allergic Reactions02:06

Allergic Reactions

Overview
Asthma: Pathogenesis and Management01:20

Asthma: Pathogenesis and Management

Asthma is a chronic pulmonary condition involving inflammation of the airways, hyper-reactivity, and reversible obstruction of the airways. This condition can significantly impact a person's quality of life, making breathing difficult and leading to distressing symptoms.
Asthma is classified as allergic and non-allergic. Allergens such as dust mites, pollen, and pet dander trigger allergic asthma, while factors like cold air, intense emotions, or exercise can induce non-allergic asthma.
Asthma I: Introduction01:28

Asthma I: Introduction

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways characterized by variable airflow obstruction and heightened bronchial responsiveness to a wide range of triggers. The underlying inflammation leads to airway swelling, mucus hypersecretion, and smooth muscle constriction, all of which narrow the airway lumen and impede airflow. Clinically, asthma presents with recurrent episodes of wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing, symptoms that typically vary in intensity and...
Peptic Ulcer Disease I: Introduction01:30

Peptic Ulcer Disease I: Introduction

Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD) is characterized by mucosal excavation in the esophagus, stomach, pylorus, or duodenum. It can manifest as acute or chronic based on the extent and duration of mucosal involvement.
An acute ulcer, marked by superficial erosion and minimal inflammation, swiftly resolves upon identifying and addressing the underlying cause. In contrast, a chronic ulcer persists, potentially eroding through the muscular wall and forming fibrous tissue.
Peptic ulcers can also be...
Peptic Ulcer Disease I: Introduction01:25

Peptic Ulcer Disease I: Introduction

Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) involves breaks in the gastrointestinal tract's mucosal lining, primarily in the stomach and duodenum, with less frequent occurrences in the lower esophagus or near the pylorus.Ulcers can be acute or chronic. Acute ulcers are short-lived with minimal inflammation and heal quickly after the irritant is removed. Chronic ulcers persist, may recur, and often cause scarring due to ongoing tissue damage. Superficial erosions affect only the mucosal layer and are called...
Gastritis-II: Pathophysiology01:17

Gastritis-II: Pathophysiology

Gastritis is marked by disruption of the mucosal barrier that usually protects the stomach tissue from digestive juices and manifests in acute and chronic forms.
In acute gastritis, the gastric mucosa becomes swollen and red and undergoes superficial erosion. Superficial ulceration may lead to bleeding.
In chronic gastritis, persistent or repeated insults lead to chronic inflammatory changes and, eventually, thinning or atrophy of the gastric tissue.
Gastritis can stem from various causes, each...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 13, 2026

Basophil Activation Test for Allergy Diagnosis
07:22

Basophil Activation Test for Allergy Diagnosis

Published on: May 31, 2021

Etiological approach to chronic urticaria.

D S Krupa Shankar1, Mukesh Ramnane, Eliz Aryal Rajouria

  • 1Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, Manipal Hospital, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.

Indian Journal of Dermatology
|April 27, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Nearly half of chronic urticaria patients showed autoimmune activity via the autologous serum skin test (ASST). ASST is a valuable tool for identifying potential autoimmune conditions linked to chronic urticaria.

Keywords:
Auto antibodiesCIUautoimmune diseaseautologous serum skin testskin prick test

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 13, 2026

Basophil Activation Test for Allergy Diagnosis
07:22

Basophil Activation Test for Allergy Diagnosis

Published on: May 31, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Dermatology

Background:

  • Urticaria, a common condition affecting 15-25% of the population, is characterized by transient, itchy, edematous papules and plaques.
  • It results from the release of vasoactive substances like histamine, triggered by various factors.
  • Urticaria is classified as acute (<6 weeks) or chronic (>6 weeks), with chronic cases often requiring extensive investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the types and potential etiologies of chronic urticaria.
  • To evaluate the diagnostic utility of the autologous serum skin test (ASST) in chronic urticaria patients.

Main Methods:

  • A study involving 150 patients with chronic urticaria (duration > 6 weeks).
  • Exclusion of physical urticarias followed by the performance of ASST.
  • Standard and specific investigations, including skin prick testing for idiopathic urticaria.

Main Results:

  • Approximately 50% of patients tested positive for ASST, indicating autoimmune activity.
  • Elevated IgE titers (37%), positive H. pylori antibodies (26.7%), and thyroid antibodies (6.2%) were observed.
  • Prevalence of physical urticarias such as cholinergic and dermographic urticaria was 4.7% each. Food antigens, dust, pollen, fungi, epithelia, and insects were identified as common allergens in idiopathic urticaria.

Conclusions:

  • The ASST is an effective, cost-efficient method for diagnosing chronic autoimmune urticaria.
  • Positive ASST results correlate with more frequent and prolonged urticarial episodes.
  • ASST can guide further investigation towards underlying systemic autoimmune diseases.