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Updated: Jun 13, 2026

Isolation of Exosomes from the Plasma of HIV-1 Positive Individuals
Published on: January 5, 2016
Oral manifestations in human immunodeficiency virus infected patients
Sumit Sen1, Sukanta Mandal, Sourav Bhattacharya
1Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology, North Bengal Medical College and Hospital and North Bengal Dental College. drsumit_sen@yahoo.co.in
Background:
Oral lesions are common among Human Immuno deficiency Virus (HIV)-positive patients. The pattern of oral features in these persons may differ in separate settings.
Aims:
To find out the spectrum of oral manifestations among a section of seropositive individuals attending the antiretroviral therapy (ART) centre of a referral hospital.
Materials And Methods:
A total of three hundred and twenty-one newly diagnosed seropositive patients were enrolled in this study. Of these, ninety-four patients who demonstrated lesions related to the oral cavity were examined intra-orally by a clinician. HIV testing was done with ELISA and CD4 counts were measured with the help of fluorescence activated cell sorter (FACS) system.
Results:
Fifty-four respondents presented exclusively with oral lesions. Candidiasis patients were the largest group (38.30%).
Conclusion:
HIV disease presents a plethora of oral manifestations, which provide valuable diagnostic and prognostic information.
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