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Motor learning in healthy humans is associated to gray matter changes: a tensor-based morphometry study.

Massimo Filippi1, Antonia Ceccarelli, Elisabetta Pagani

  • 1Neuroimaging Research Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, Scientific Institute and University Hospital San Raffaele, Milan, Italy. m.filippi@hsr.it

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Motor learning induces lasting gray matter (GM) changes in the brain, affecting areas like the temporo-occipital lobes and hippocampus. The type of motor training influences the specific brain structures that show these persistent structural modifications.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Neuroimaging
  • Brain plasticity

Background:

  • Motor learning is known to induce changes in brain structure.
  • Understanding the persistence and specificity of these changes is crucial for neuroscience research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To map gray matter (GM) volume changes associated with motor learning in healthy individuals.
  • To determine if these GM changes persist three months after motor training cessation.
  • To assess if different motor training schemes influence specific GM structure modifications.

Main Methods:

  • Tensor-based morphometry (TBM) was used to analyze brain 3D T1-weighted MRI scans.
  • 31 healthy subjects underwent motor functional assessment and MRI at baseline, post-training (2 weeks), and 3 months later.
  • Subjects were divided into two groups: goal-directed motor sequences (Group A) and non-purposeful motor actions (Group B).

Main Results:

  • Motor learning led to increased GM volume in the temporo-occipital lobes, inferior parietal lobule (IPL), and middle frontal gyrus.
  • An increase in GM volume was observed in the middle temporal gyrus post-training.
  • Group A showed hippocampal GM increase, while Group B exhibited greater IPL and insula GM increase compared to Group A.

Conclusions:

  • Motor learning induces structural GM changes in specific neuronal networks.
  • These structural changes tend to persist even after motor training is stopped.
  • The pattern of GM structural changes is influenced by the specific motor training scheme employed.