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Related Concept Videos

Ureters01:22

Ureters

The ureters are retroperitoneal tubes located on either side of the vertebral column. They are responsible for transporting urine from each kidney to the urinary bladder. These tubes have thick walls and are approximately 25-30 cm long. Their diameter is around 10 mm at the renal pelvis, gradually narrowing to 1 mm as the ureter obliquely enters the posterior bladder wall through the ureteric orifices. The shape of these orifices is slit-like, which helps to prevent urine backflow toward the...
Anatomy of the Genitourinary System II: Bladder and Urethra01:19

Anatomy of the Genitourinary System II: Bladder and Urethra

The lower urinary system consists of the urinary bladder and urethra, which are essential in storing and expelling urine from the body. Together with the internal and external sphincters, these structures work together to regulate urination effectively.Anatomy of the BladderThe urinary bladder is a muscular, stretchable organ behind the pubic bone and in front of the rectum. In females, the bladder is positioned anterior to the vagina and inferior to the uterus, while in males, it is located...
Anatomy of the Genitourinary System I: Kidneys and Ureters01:11

Anatomy of the Genitourinary System I: Kidneys and Ureters

The upper urinary system comprises two kidneys and two ureters, which are crucial in filtering blood and forming urine.KidneysLocation and Structure:The kidneys are two bean-shaped organs positioned behind the peritoneum on either side of the spine.Kidneys are between the 12th thoracic (T12) and the 3rd lumbar (L3) vertebrae.The position of the liver causes the right kidney to sit slightly lower than the left.Protective Layers:Each kidney is enveloped in a tough, fibrous membrane called the...
Urinary Bladder01:23

Urinary Bladder

The urinary bladder is a hollow, muscular sac that temporarily stores urine before it is expelled from the body. It can hold approximately 600 mL of urine prior to micturition. The bladder is retroperitoneal and located behind the pubic symphysis in the pelvic floor.
In males, the bladder is situated in front of the rectum, while in females, it is positioned anterior to the vagina and uterus. The bladder floor contains an inverted triangular area called the trigone, defined by the two ureteric...
Urethra01:16

Urethra

The urethra is a hollowed tubular organ through which urine is expelled from the body. This structure extends from the bladder to the external opening, allowing urine to be released.
The anatomy of the urethra differs between males and females. In females, the urethra is short, measuring about 3–4 cm in length, and opens anterior to the vaginal opening. In males, the urethra is longer and passes through the penis, serving dual purposes: expelling urine and ejaculating semen. The male urethra is...
Microbiota of the Urogenital Tract01:28

Microbiota of the Urogenital Tract

The human urogenital system, once thought to be sterile in healthy individuals, is now recognized as a complex microbial habitat. Advancements in molecular sequencing techniques have revealed that even in healthy adults, the kidneys and bladder harbor microbial populations similar to those found in the distal urethra, albeit in much lower abundance. These resident microorganisms, while generally innocuous, can become opportunistic pathogens under conditions that alter the urogenital...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 13, 2026

Assessing Urinary Tract Junction Obstruction Defects by Methylene Blue Dye Injection
06:05

Assessing Urinary Tract Junction Obstruction Defects by Methylene Blue Dye Injection

Published on: October 12, 2017

Megaureter.

Steve J Hodges1, David Werle, Gordon McLorie

  • 1Department of Urology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA. shodges@wfubmc.edu

Thescientificworldjournal
|April 27, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Obstructive megaureter affects many children, but not all cases require intervention. Research focuses on accurate diagnosis and prevention of this congenital urinary tract condition.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Urology
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • Obstructive megaureter is diagnosed in nearly 25% of children referred to pediatric urologists.
  • Not all cases of megaureter involve obstruction; some stem from reflux or are developmental variations.
  • Early diagnosis via fetal ultrasonography presents challenges in differentiating between obstructive and non-obstructive cases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To improve diagnostic accuracy for clinically significant obstructive uropathy.
  • To investigate the developmental origins of megaureter.
  • To explore potential prevention strategies for megaureter.

Main Methods:

  • Review of diagnostic criteria for obstructive uropathy.
  • Analysis of developmental pathways leading to megaureter.
  • Evaluation of current surgical and non-surgical management approaches.

Main Results:

  • Distinguishing true obstruction from other causes of megaureter is critical for appropriate management.
  • Understanding developmental variations aids in identifying cases that may resolve spontaneously.
  • Surgical interventions for obstructive megaureter are effective in selected patients.

Conclusions:

  • Accurate diagnosis is paramount in managing pediatric megaureter.
  • Further research into developmental causes may lead to preventative measures.
  • Personalized management strategies are essential for optimal outcomes in obstructive uropathy.