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Differences in changes in health-related anxiety between Western and non-Western participants in a trauma-focused

Margot J Verschuur1, Marija Maric, Philip Spinhoven

  • 1Leiden University, Department of Psychology, Leiden University Institute for Psychological Research, Clinical Psychology Unit, PO Box 9555, 2300 RB Leiden, The Netherlands. verschuu@fsw.leidenuniv.nl

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Anxiety is a common mental disorder featuring excessive worry, fear, and apprehension, significantly affecting daily life. People with anxiety disorders experience persistent and intense anxiety, interrupting their everyday functioning.
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Self-esteem, a core psychological construct, is intricately shaped by cultural context and varies significantly between collectivist and individualistic societies. In collectivist cultures such as Japan, self-esteem tends to be flexible, context-sensitive, and influenced by relationships. A Japanese student, for instance, may show restraint in formal settings like school but behave more openly among close friends, reflecting the flexible and dynamic nature of self-concept in such...