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Related Concept Videos

Myasthenia Gravis: Overview and Treatment01:20

Myasthenia Gravis: Overview and Treatment

Myasthenia gravis is a neuromuscular transmission disorder characterized by weakness and increased fatigability of skeletal muscles. It is an autoimmune disease affecting approximately one in 2000 people, where antibodies against the α1 subunit of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are produced.
These antibodies interfere with the function of the nicotinic receptors in three ways: by binding to the receptor and disrupting acetylcholine binding; by causing cross-linking of receptors which leads...
Myasthenia Gravis: Diagnostic Tests01:15

Myasthenia Gravis: Diagnostic Tests

Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune condition affecting neuromuscular transmission, causing generalized weakness in skeletal muscles. Initial diagnoses rely on patients' signs, symptoms, and medical history. The challenge lies in distinguishing myasthenia from other muscular dystrophies. An important diagnostic feature is the significant improvement of symptoms after administering anticholinesterase inhibitors.
The edrophonium test is a diagnostic tool for myasthenia gravis. It involves...
Disorders of the Skeletal Muscle01:28

Disorders of the Skeletal Muscle

The clinical conditions affecting the skeletal muscle tissue are broadly categorized as musculoskeletal and neuromuscular disorders.
Musculoskeletal disorders
Musculoskeletal disorders involve injuries and conditions affecting the skeletal muscles and associated connective tissues. These disorders can arise from acute biomechanical stresses or chronic overuse and can occur across different age groups. Common injuries include sprains, fractures, and muscular strains, often resulting from...
Myocarditis I: Introduction01:21

Myocarditis I: Introduction

Myocarditis is inflammation of the myocardium, which is the muscular layer of the heart.EtiologyMyocarditis has a diverse etiology, including a wide range of infectious and non-infectious causes:Infectious CausesViral: Common viruses include Coxsackie A and B, adenovirus, parvovirus B19, enteroviruses, and influenza A.Bacterial: Examples include infections caused by Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, and Mycoplasma species.Rickettsial: Infections like Rocky Mountain spotted fever can result in...
Myasthenia Gravis ll: Pathophysiology01:22

Myasthenia Gravis ll: Pathophysiology

The disease process of myasthenia gravis begins at the neuromuscular junction, where antibodies attack key proteins needed for muscle activation. This immune reaction weakens signal transmission, leading to the characteristic muscle fatigue and weakness that define the condition.Immune-Mediated DamageIn most individuals, antibodies target acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) on the postsynaptic membrane of muscle cells. By blocking acetylcholine binding, these antibodies prevent the nerve signal...
Alterations in Muscle Tone lll01:11

Alterations in Muscle Tone lll

Rigidity and myotonia are distinct abnormalities of muscle tone that affect resistance and relaxation during movement. Although both involve altered muscle contraction, they arise from different neurological and muscular mechanisms.CharacteristicsRigidity is characterized by uniform resistance to passive movement across the entire range, independent of speed, affecting flexors and extensors equally. It may appear as lead-pipe rigidity (smooth, constant resistance) or cogwheel rigidity...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 30, 2026

Normal and Malignant Muscle Cell Transplantation into Immune Compromised Adult Zebrafish
09:39

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[Malignancy-associated myositis].

Jun Shimizu1

  • 1Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan.

Brain and Nerve = Shinkei Kenkyu No Shinpo
|April 28, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Inflammatory myopathies (myositis) are linked to cancer. A new autoantibody aids early diagnosis and understanding of malignancy-associated myositis, improving patient outcomes.

Area of Science:

  • Rheumatology and Oncology
  • Autoimmune muscle diseases
  • Paraneoplastic syndromes

Context:

  • Myositis, particularly dermatomyositis, has a known association with malignancy.
  • Recent epidemiological studies confirm this link, highlighting differences between primary and malignancy-associated myositis.
  • Patient prognosis depends on the underlying malignancy, necessitating cancer screening.

Purpose:

  • To review epidemiological evidence linking myositis and malignancy.
  • To describe clinical features of malignancy-associated myositis.
  • To explore a proposed model of paraneoplasia in myositis.

Summary:

  • A novel autoantibody (anti-p155/p140) aids early diagnosis of malignancy-associated myositis in adults.
  • This autoantibody advances understanding of paraneoplastic myositis pathogenesis.

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  • Common autoantigens expressed in both myositis muscle and associated cancers inform a paraneoplastic model.

    • Impact:

    • Facilitates earlier detection of cancer in myositis patients.
    • Enhances understanding of the interplay between autoimmune muscle disease and cancer.
    • Provides a framework for investigating the pathogenesis of paraneoplastic syndromes.