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Related Concept Videos

Analgesia and Pain Management01:25

Analgesia and Pain Management

Pain is critical to various clinical pathologies, provoking an urgent need for effective management. Pain, whether acute or chronic, is a complex neurochemical process. Its alleviation depends on the type, with nonopioid analgesics effective for mild to moderate pain, such as musculoskeletal or inflammatory pain, while neuropathic pain responds best to anticonvulsants, tricyclic antidepressants, or serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors. For severe acute or chronic pain, opioids may be...
Opioid Analgesics: Synthetic and Semisynthetic Opioids01:15

Opioid Analgesics: Synthetic and Semisynthetic Opioids

Synthetic and semisynthetic opioids are pivotal in pain management and tackling opioid addiction. Semisynthetic opioids, including morphinans (morphine derivatives), oxycodone, oxymorphone, hydrocodone, and hydromorphone, have improved pharmacokinetic profiles compared to morphine. Additionally, heroin and 6-MAM (6-Monoacetylmorphine) show better CNS penetration than morphine due to heightened lipid solubility. Hydromorphone, a potent opioid, undergoes hepatic metabolism to form the active...
Opioid Analgesics: Morphine and Other Natural Cogeners01:20

Opioid Analgesics: Morphine and Other Natural Cogeners

Opioids are a class of drugs that mimic endogenous opioid peptides and act on opioid receptors, and help in pain relief. These compounds are classified as natural, synthetic, or semi-synthetic. Natural opioids, like morphine, codeine, and thebaine, are derived from the opium poppy plant (Papaver somniferum or Papaver album) and are termed opiates. Synthetic opioids are artificial, while semi-synthetic opioids combine natural and synthetic compounds. Morphine, a prototypical opioid, possesses a...
Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against specific...
Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes01:22

Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes

Drug delivery methods like oral inhalation, nasal sprays, transdermal patches, eye drops, intravitreal injection,  and rectal administration provide localized effects with reduced toxicity.
Oral inhalation and nasal sprays swiftly transfer drugs across the respiratory epithelium's mucosal layer. Inhaled glucocorticoids and bronchodilators directly target lung conditions such as asthma, while fluticasone nasal spray mitigates allergic rhinitis.
Transdermal patches transport drugs through the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 13, 2026

Development of Recombinant Proteins to Treat Chronic Pain
10:37

Development of Recombinant Proteins to Treat Chronic Pain

Published on: April 11, 2018

Recent development in therapeutics for breakthrough pain.

Mellar P Davis1

  • 1Cleveland Clinic Lerner School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, The Harry R Horvitz Center for Palliative Medicine, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA. davism6@ccf.org

Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics
|April 28, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Breakthrough pain, characterized by rapid flares, requires swift management. Newer fentanyl formulations and alternative routes offer faster relief than traditional oral opioids for cancer pain.

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Intracranial Pharmacotherapy and Pain Assays in Rodents
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Development of Recombinant Proteins to Treat Chronic Pain
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Published on: April 11, 2018

Intracranial Pharmacotherapy and Pain Assays in Rodents
02:26

Intracranial Pharmacotherapy and Pain Assays in Rodents

Published on: April 9, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Pain Management
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Breakthrough pain presents as sudden, short-lived pain flares, often linked to cancer or its treatment.
  • The rapid onset and offset of these pain episodes necessitate rapid-acting analgesia.
  • Conventional oral opioids are frequently insufficient for managing these intense pain flares effectively.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current strategies for managing breakthrough pain.
  • To evaluate the efficacy of various pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions.
  • To highlight advancements in pain management for opioid-tolerant individuals.

Main Methods:

  • Review of literature on breakthrough pain management strategies.
  • Analysis of different routes of administration for analgesics.
  • Inclusion of non-pharmacological treatment options.

Main Results:

  • Buccal fentanyl demonstrates faster analgesia compared to oral morphine.
  • Newer fentanyl preparations and alternative routes (intranasal, inhaled, parenteral) offer rapid pain relief.
  • Sublingual ketamine and intrathecal local anesthetics showed effectiveness in severe cases.
  • Non-pharmacological methods like radiation therapy and surgical interventions are viable for activity-related pain.

Conclusions:

  • Rapid-onset analgesics are crucial for effective breakthrough pain management.
  • Buccal fentanyl and other advanced formulations provide superior pain control.
  • A multimodal approach, including non-pharmacological options, is essential for comprehensive breakthrough pain care.