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Stress impairs spatial but not early stimulus-response learning.

Lars Schwabe1, Hartmut Schächinger, E Ron de Kloet

  • 1Department of Clinical Physiology, Institute of Psychobiology, University of Trier, 54290 Trier, Germany. Lars.Schwabe@rub.de

Behavioural Brain Research
|April 28, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Stress impairs hippocampus-based spatial learning but not caudate nucleus-based stimulus-response learning. This suggests the hippocampus is more sensitive to stress than the caudate nucleus.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Behavioral Science
  • Stress Research

Background:

  • Stress is known to affect cognitive functions, including memory.
  • Evidence suggests stress shifts memory processing from hippocampus-dependent to caudate nucleus-dependent systems.
  • The precise mechanisms and differential effects of stress on these memory systems remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether stress facilitates stimulus-response (SR) learning, impairs spatial learning, or both.
  • To determine the differential impact of stress on hippocampus-based and caudate nucleus-based memory systems.
  • To explore the interplay between multiple memory systems under stress.

Main Methods:

  • Mice were subjected to restraint stress, vehicle injection, corticosterone injection, or left untreated.

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  • Animals were trained on two circular hole board tasks designed to differentiate spatial and SR learning strategies.
  • Performance was assessed for both spatial and SR learning under different stress conditions.

    • Main Results:

    • Stress, vehicle, and corticosterone injections significantly impaired performance in the spatial learning task.
    • Performance in the stimulus-response learning task was unaffected by stress or corticosterone injection.
    • Mice consistently exhibited a preference for using spatial memory, requiring effort to switch to the SR strategy regardless of treatment.

    Conclusions:

    • The hippocampus-based memory system is more sensitive to stress than the caudate nucleus-based system.
    • Under stress, caudate nucleus-based stimulus-response learning may dominate behavior due to the relative stress resilience of this system.
    • Multiple memory systems can compete for behavioral control, even in tasks that could theoretically be solved by a single system.