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Tuberculosis, more commonly referred to as TB, is an infectious disease stemming from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While it primarily impacts the lungs, TB can also affect other body areas. Given its severity and global impact, timely and accurate diagnosis is crucial for controlling its spread and improving patient outcomes.
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Protective Efficacy and Pulmonary Immune Response Following Subcutaneous and Intranasal BCG Administration in Mice

Protective Efficacy and Pulmonary Immune Response Following Subcutaneous and Intranasal BCG Administration in Mice

Published on: September 19, 2016

Pulmonary immunization using antigen 85-B polymeric microparticles to boost tuberculosis immunity.

Dongmei Lu¹, Lucila Garcia-Contreras, Pavan Muttil

¹Molecular Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7571, USA.

The AAPS Journal

|April 28, 2010

Summary

Pulmonary immunization with microparticles containing recombinant antigen 85B (rAg85B) boosted Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination. This strategy showed potential for enhancing tuberculosis protection, particularly in previously immunized individuals.

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Micro-Colony Forming Unit Assay for Efficacy Evaluation of Vaccines Against Tuberculosis

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Published on: July 28, 2023

Area of Science:

Immunology
Vaccinology
Biotechnology

Background:

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a global health challenge, necessitating improved vaccination strategies.
Current vaccines, like Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG), offer variable protection, especially in adults.
Recombinant antigen 85B (rAg85B) is a key target for TB vaccine development.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the efficacy of pulmonary immunization with rAg85B-loaded polymeric microparticles (P-rAg85B) against tuberculosis.
To assess P-rAg85B as a booster for BCG vaccination in guinea pigs.
To analyze protection through bacterial load, histopathology, and morphometric assessments.

Main Methods:

Recombinant antigen 85B (rAg85B) was encapsulated in poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) microparticles (P-rAg85B).
Guinea pigs received single or multiple pulmonary doses of P-rAg85B, with or without prior BCG vaccination.
Animals were challenged with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) H37Rv, and protection was measured by CFU counts and tissue analysis.

Main Results:

The BCG prime-P-rAg85B aerosol boost strategy showed enhanced protection against MTB infection.
Reduced bacterial burden (CFU) was observed in lungs and spleens compared to controls.
Histopathological and morphometric analyses indicated improved tissue integrity and reduced granuloma formation with the BCG-P-rAg85B strategy.

Conclusions:

Pulmonary delivery of P-rAg85B microparticles effectively boosts BCG immunization against tuberculosis.
This heterologous prime-boost strategy shows promise for enhancing TB protection in populations with prior BCG exposure.
Further research is warranted to optimize immunization protocols for maximum protection against MTB infection.