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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 13, 2026

Combined Intravital Microscopy and Contrast-enhanced Ultrasonography of the Mouse Hindlimb to Study Insulin-induced Vasodilation and Muscle Perfusion

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Published on: March 20, 2017

Endothelial dysfunction: the common consequence in diabetes and hypertension.

Wing Tak Wong¹, Siu Ling Wong, Xiao Yu Tian

¹Institute of Vascular Medicine, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, and School of Biomedical Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong SAR, China.

Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology

|April 28, 2010

Summary

Endothelial dysfunction in diabetes and hypertension causes vascular damage. Therapies targeting reactive oxygen species and the renin-angiotensin system may reverse this dysfunction, reducing cardiovascular risks.

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Ultrasound Assessment of Endothelial Function: A Technical Guideline of the Flow-mediated Dilation Test

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Last Updated: Jun 13, 2026

Combined Intravital Microscopy and Contrast-enhanced Ultrasonography of the Mouse Hindlimb to Study Insulin-induced Vasodilation and Muscle Perfusion

Combined Intravital Microscopy and Contrast-enhanced Ultrasonography of the Mouse Hindlimb to Study Insulin-induced Vasodilation and Muscle Perfusion

Published on: March 20, 2017

Ultrasound Assessment of Endothelial Function: A Technical Guideline of the Flow-mediated Dilation Test

Ultrasound Assessment of Endothelial Function: A Technical Guideline of the Flow-mediated Dilation Test

Published on: April 27, 2016

Area of Science:

Cardiovascular Science
Endocrinology
Nephrology

Background:

Endothelial dysfunction is a critical early event in vascular complications associated with diabetes and hypertension.
It involves reduced production of protective factors like nitric oxide and increased production of vasoconstrictors (e.g., angiotensin II) and inflammatory mediators.
This imbalance leads to increased vascular tone, remodeling, and damage to microvascular, macrovascular, and renal systems.

Purpose of the Study:

To elucidate the mechanisms of endothelial dysfunction in diabetes and hypertension.
To explore potential therapeutic strategies for reversing endothelial dysfunction and mitigating associated vascular damage.

Main Methods:

The study reviews the pathophysiology of endothelial dysfunction.
It discusses the roles of nitric oxide, angiotensin II, endothelin-1, reactive oxygen species, and cyclooxygenase metabolites.
It examines the potential of targeted therapies.

Main Results:

Endothelial dysfunction is characterized by an imbalance between vasoprotective and vasoconstrictive factors.
This dysfunction contributes significantly to hypertension, vascular remodeling, and end-organ damage.
Therapeutic interventions targeting reactive oxygen species and the renin-angiotensin system show promise.

Conclusions:

Reversing endothelial dysfunction is crucial for managing cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients with diabetes and hypertension.
Targeting reactive oxygen species and the renin-angiotensin system are promising therapeutic avenues.
Enhancing endothelial nitric oxide synthase activity may also prove beneficial.