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Related Concept Videos

Precipitation Processes01:12

Precipitation Processes

The experimental conditions in a gravimetric analysis should be optimized to maximize the particle size and purity of the obtained precipitate. Ideally, the concentration of the precipitating reagent should be low with effective stirring to maintain low relative supersaturation for the growth of large crystals. In homogeneous precipitation, the precipitant is slowly generated by a chemical reaction in the solution to avoid local reagent excesses. For example, urea decomposes gradually to...
Washing, Drying, and Ignition of Precipitates00:52

Washing, Drying, and Ignition of Precipitates

After filtration, the precipitate is washed to remove coprecipitated impurities and any remaining mother liquor. Colloidal precipitates, such as silver chloride, are washed with an electrolyte (such as dilute nitric acid) to prevent the peptization of the precipitate. In the case of slightly soluble precipitates, the wash solution contains a common ion to reduce solubility. Lead sulfate, which is slightly soluble in water, is washed with dilute sulfuric acid. Similarly, wash solutions may be...
Unsoundness of Aggregate due to Volume Change01:26

Unsoundness of Aggregate due to Volume Change

Unsoundness in aggregates due to volume changes is primarily caused by the physical alterations aggregates undergo, such as freezing and thawing, thermal changes, and wetting and drying. Unsound aggregates, when subjected to these changes, result in volume change upon disintegration. This, in turn, contributes to the deterioration of concrete, including scaling, pop-outs, and cracking. Particular types of aggregates, such as porous flints, cherts, and those containing clay minerals, are...
Precipitate Formation and Particle Size Control01:16

Precipitate Formation and Particle Size Control

In precipitation gravimetry, the precipitating agent should react specifically or selectively with the analyte. While a specific reagent reacts with the analyte alone, a selective reagent can react with a limited number of chemical species.
The obtained precipitate should be either a pure substance of known composition or easily converted to one by a simple process, such as ignition or drying. In addition, the precipitate should be insoluble and easily filterable. In general, filterability...
Colloidal precipitates01:09

Colloidal precipitates

The high insolubility of some precipitates can result in an unfavorable relative supersaturation. This can lead to colloidal particles with a large surface-to-mass ratio, where adsorption is promoted. For instance, in the precipitation of silver chloride, silver ions are adsorbed on the surface of the colloidal particles, forming a primary layer. This layer attracts ions of opposite charge (such as nitrate ions), forming a diffuse secondary layer of adsorbed ions. This electric double layer...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 13, 2026

Preparation of Functional Silica Using a Bioinspired Method
08:04

Preparation of Functional Silica Using a Bioinspired Method

Published on: August 1, 2018

Structural changes in precipitated silica induced by external forces.

Gerald Johannes Schneider1, Dietmar Göritz

  • 1Institut für Festkörperforschung, Neutronscattering and JCNS, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany. g.j.schneider@fz-juelich.de

The Journal of Chemical Physics
|April 29, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The mixing process alters silica aggregate morphology, impacting its properties in rubber composites. Mechanical forces during mixing, not primary particle size, are key to these changes.

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Imine Metathesis by Silica-Supported Catalysts Using the Methodology of Surface Organometallic Chemistry
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Imine Metathesis by Silica-Supported Catalysts Using the Methodology of Surface Organometallic Chemistry

Published on: October 18, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Polymer Science
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Precipitated silica is a crucial filler in rubber composites, influencing their mechanical properties.
  • The morphology of silica aggregates (primary particles, aggregates, clusters) affects composite performance.
  • Understanding silica morphology changes during processing is vital for material design.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the influence of processing on silica aggregate morphology.
  • To differentiate between pure silica and silica-filled rubber morphologies.
  • To identify the role of mechanical forces in altering silica structure.

Main Methods:

  • Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) experiments were used to analyze silica morphology.
  • Model experiments with pistil and mortar simulated mixing processes.
  • Silica-filled polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) composites were studied.

Main Results:

  • Silica aggregate branching (mass fractal dimension) and diameter differ between pure silica and silica in rubber.
  • Primary particle size and surface area remain unaffected by rubber incorporation.
  • Mechanical forces during mixing were identified as the primary cause of aggregate morphology changes.
  • Grinding time systematically altered morphology in model experiments.

Conclusions:

  • Comparison of pure silica samples requires knowledge of their processing history.
  • Detailed reporting of sample treatment is essential, not just material descriptions.
  • Pure silica morphology alone is insufficient for predicting composite mechanical properties.