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Related Concept Videos

Chromatin Structure Regulates pre-mRNA Processing02:41

Chromatin Structure Regulates pre-mRNA Processing

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In eukaryotic cells, nascent mRNA transcripts need to undergo many post-transcriptional modifications to reach the cell cytoplasm and translate into functional proteins. For a long time, transcription and pre-mRNA processing were considered two independent events that occur sequentially in the cell. However, it has now been well established that transcription and pre-mRNA processing are two simultaneous processes that are precisely regulated inside the cell.
The chromatin structure, especially...
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Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in a cell's phenotype without changing the DNA sequences. It provides a form of memory for the differential gene expression pattern to maintain cell lineage, position-effect variegation, dosage compensation, and maintenance of chromatin structures such as telomeres and centromeres. For example, the structure and location of the centromere on chromosomes are epigenetically inherited. Its functionality is not dictated or ensured by the underlying...
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Each human somatic cell contains 6 billion base-pairs of DNA. Each base-pair is 0.34 nm long, which means that each diploid cell contains a staggering 2 meters of DNA. How is such a long DNA strand packed inside a nucleus measuring only 10 - 20 microns in diameter? 
The chromatin
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Each human somatic cell contains 6 billion base pairs of DNA. Each base pair is 0.34 nm long, meaning each diploid cell contains a staggering 2 meters of DNA. This long DNA strand is packed inside a nucleus measuring only 10-20 microns in diameter with the help of specialized DNA-binding proteins called histones. Together they form a compact DNA-protein complex called chromatin. The chromatin is further compacted into higher-order structures. The highest level of compaction is achieved during...
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No description available
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The histone proteins in the nucleosomes are post-translationally modified (PTM) to increase or decrease access to DNA. The commonly observed PTMs are methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination of lysine amino acids in the histone H3 tail region. These histone modifications have specific meaning for the cell. Hence, they are called "histone code". The protein complex involved in histone modification is termed as "reader-writer" complex.
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Sequential Salt Extractions for the Analysis of Bulk Chromatin Binding Properties of Chromatin Modifying Complexes
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[ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complex and its function in regulating chromatin structure].

Rui Wang1, Xian-Lu Zeng

  • 1Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China. wangr184@yahoo.cn

Yi Chuan = Hereditas
|April 29, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Chromatin remodeling is essential for gene transcription. This review covers ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complexes and histone modification complexes, detailing their collaborative roles in regulating transcription.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Epigenetics
  • Gene Regulation

Context:

  • Highly condensed chromatin impedes transcription factor binding.
  • Chromatin remodeling is vital for alleviating transcriptional repression.
  • Two primary mechanisms drive chromatin remodeling: ATP-dependent complexes and histone modifications.

Purpose:

  • To review the mechanisms of ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling.
  • To explore the synergistic interplay between ATP-dependent and histone modification complexes.
  • To elucidate how these complexes collectively regulate chromatin structure and transcription.

Summary:

  • Chromatin remodeling involves ATP-dependent complexes and histone modification complexes.
  • These complexes cooperate to alter chromatin structure.
  • This coordinated action is crucial for regulating gene transcription.

Impact:

  • Provides insights into the molecular mechanisms of gene regulation.
  • Highlights the importance of chromatin remodeling in biological processes.
  • Offers a foundation for understanding epigenetic regulation of transcription.