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Related Concept Videos

Cells of the Innate Immune Response01:28

Cells of the Innate Immune Response

The innate immune response is an immediate and non-specific response against pathogens, acting swiftly to prevent the spread of infections. The primary cells involved in this response are phagocytes and natural killer (NK) cells.
Phagocytes
Phagocytes police the peripheral tissues by removing cellular debris and responding to the invasion of foreign substances or pathogens. Many phagocytes attack and remove microorganisms even before lymphocytes detect them. The human body has two general...
Immune Surveillance by NK Cells and Phagocytes01:25

Immune Surveillance by NK Cells and Phagocytes

Immune surveillance is an integral part of the innate immune system, involving the continuous monitoring of peripheral tissues to detect and respond to pathogens, infected cells, or cancerous cells. This surveillance is conducted primarily by natural killer (NK) cells and phagocytes, which employ distinct but complementary mechanisms to identify and eliminate threats.
Natural Killer Cells: The Fast Responders
NK cells are large granular lymphocytes found in the blood and lymphatic system. These...
Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response01:27

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response

Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...
Classification of Leukocytes01:30

Classification of Leukocytes

Leukocytes are classified into two groups based on the presence or absence of cytoplasmic granules. Granular leukocytes, which contain granules, belong to the myeloid lineage and are divided into three subtypes: neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils. These cells are roughly spherical and characterized by the granules in their cytoplasm.
Neutrophils are the most abundant type of granular leukocytes, comprising 50-70% of all leukocytes. They feature small, evenly distributed granules and a...
Differentiation of Common Myeloid Progenitor Cells01:15

Differentiation of Common Myeloid Progenitor Cells

Common myeloid progenitors (CMPs) are oligopotent cells that can differentiate into granulocytes and macrophages. Granulocytes and macrophages are essential for protecting the body against bacterial, viral, or fungal infections. They migrate from the bone marrow into the circulating blood to reach specific tissue sites where they differentiate and help in immune surveillance. However, they survive only for a few days and must be continuously made available to the organism to maintain a robust...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 13, 2026

Measurement of Natural Killer Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity and Migration in the Context of Hepatic Tumor Cells
06:55

Measurement of Natural Killer Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity and Migration in the Context of Hepatic Tumor Cells

Published on: February 22, 2020

Natural killer-cell neoplasms.

John P Greer1, Claudio A Mosse

  • 1Hematology/Stem Cell Transplantation, 1301 Medical Center Drive, 2665 TVC, Nashville, TN 37232, USA. john.greer@Vanderbilt.Edu

Current Hematologic Malignancy Reports
|April 29, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Natural killer (NK)-cell neoplasms are rare cancers. Mature NK neoplasms like extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma (ENKL) and aggressive NK-cell leukemia are often chemoresistant, necessitating early radiation or stem cell transplantation for advanced cases.

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Natural Killer (NK) and CAR-NK Cell Expansion Method using Membrane Bound-IL-21-Modified B Cell Line
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Natural Killer (NK) and CAR-NK Cell Expansion Method using Membrane Bound-IL-21-Modified B Cell Line

Published on: February 8, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Oncology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Natural killer (NK)-cell neoplasms are uncommon hematologic malignancies, constituting <1% of non-Hodgkin lymphoma globally, but 3-6% in Asia and Latin America.
  • These neoplasms encompass immature leukemias and mature disorders, including extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma (ENKL), nasal-type, and aggressive NK-cell leukemia.
  • Epstein-Barr virus is frequently associated with ENKL and aggressive NK-cell leukemia, impacting disease characteristics and treatment response.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of the classification, clinical features, and management of natural killer (NK)-cell neoplasms.
  • To highlight the challenges in treating chemoresistant NK-cell neoplasms, such as ENKL and aggressive NK-cell leukemia.
  • To discuss current therapeutic strategies and emerging novel agents for NK-cell malignancies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on NK-cell neoplasms.
  • Analysis of epidemiological data and clinical characteristics.
  • Discussion of treatment modalities including radiation, stem cell transplantation, and novel agents.

Main Results:

  • NK-cell neoplasms are diverse, with mature forms like ENKL and aggressive NK-cell leukemia often exhibiting P-glycoprotein expression, leading to chemoresistance.
  • Localized nasal ENKL benefits from early radiation therapy.
  • Advanced-stage disease carries a poor prognosis, making stem cell transplantation a recommended option.

Conclusions:

  • Mature NK-cell neoplasms present significant therapeutic challenges due to chemoresistance.
  • Multimodality treatment, including radiation and stem cell transplantation, is crucial for managing these rare cancers.
  • Ongoing research into novel agents offers hope for improved outcomes in patients with NK-cell neoplasms.