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Icing events trigger range displacement in a high-arctic ungulate.

Audun Stien1, Leif Egil Loe, Atle Mysterud

  • 1Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), Arctic Ecology Department, Polar Environmental Centre, N-9296 Tromsø, Norway. audun.stien@nina.no

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|April 30, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Climate change causes Arctic icing events, forcing Svalbard reindeer to increase movement to find food. This displacement strategy may fail if icing expands, impacting winter survival.

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Climate Change Biology
  • Animal Behavior

Background:

  • Climate change is altering Arctic environments, increasing frequency and extent of rain-on-snow and thaw-freeze events.
  • Ground-ice formation from these events creates "locked pasture" conditions, critical for winter survival of arctic herbivores.
  • Svalbard reindeer (Rangifer tarandus plathyrynchus) with small home ranges are particularly vulnerable to forage access limitations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the direct behavioral impact of climate-induced icing events on Svalbard reindeer.
  • To understand how reindeer respond to "locked pasture" events and assess the effectiveness of their movement strategies.
  • To predict future population-level responses to climate change impacts on forage availability.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of movement patterns of Svalbard reindeer in response to documented icing events.
  • Utilizing 5-day observation intervals to quantify changes in range displacement.
  • Correlating icing event data with reindeer movement data to assess behavioral shifts.

Main Results:

  • Icing events were demonstrated to cause an immediate and significant increase in range displacement in Svalbard reindeer.
  • Reindeer exhibited a tendency to move away from iced areas, seeking alternative forage sources.
  • The effectiveness of this displacement strategy is questioned if the spatial extent of icing surpasses reindeer's movement capabilities.

Conclusions:

  • Svalbard reindeer actively change their movement patterns in response to climate-driven icing events.
  • Increased frequency and spatial extent of icing events pose a significant threat to reindeer survival.
  • Current population models may underestimate impacts if they do not account for increased spatial displacement and its limitations.