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Related Concept Videos

Chirality in Nature02:30

Chirality in Nature

Chirality is the most intriguing yet essential facet of nature, governing life’s biochemical processes and precision. It can be observed from a snail shell pattern in a macroscopic world to an amino acid, the minutest building block of life. Most of the snails around the world have right-coiled shells because of the intrinsic chirality in their genes. All the amino acids present in the human body exist in an enantiomerically pure state, except for glycine - the sole achiral amino acid. The...
Chirality02:25

Chirality

Chirality is a term that describes the lack of mirror symmetry in an object. In other words, chiral objects cannot be superposed on their mirror images. For example, our feet are chiral, as the mirror image of the left foot, the right foot, cannot be superposed on the left foot.
Chiral objects exhibit a sense of handedness when they interact with another chiral object. For example, our left foot can only fit in the left shoe and not in the right shoe. Achiral objects — objects that have...
Chirality at Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Sulfur02:30

Chirality at Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Sulfur

Chirality is most prevalent in carbon-based tetrahedral compounds, but this important facet of molecular symmetry extends to sp3-hybridized nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur centers, including trivalent molecules with lone pairs. Here, the lone pair behaves as a functional group in addition to the other three substituents to form an analogous tetrahedral center that can be chiral.
A consequence of chirality is the need for enantiomeric resolution. While this is theoretically possible for all...
Prochirality02:05

Prochirality

The concept of prochirality leads to the nomenclature of the individual faces of a molecule and plays a crucial role in the enantioselective reaction. It is a concept where two or more achiral molecules react to produce chiral products. A typical process is the reaction of an achiral ketone to generate a chiral alcohol. Here, the achiral reactant reacts with an achiral reducing agent, sodium borohydride, to generate an equimolar mixture of the chiral enantiomers of the product. For example, an...
Molecules with Multiple Chiral Centers02:25

Molecules with Multiple Chiral Centers

Molecules that possess multiple chiral centers can afford a large number of stereoisomers. For instance, while some molecules like 2-butanol have one chiral center, defined as a tetrahedral carbon atom with four different substituents attached, several molecules like butane-2,3-diol have multiple chiral centers. A simple formula to predict the number of stereoisomers possible for a molecule with n chiral centers is 2n. However, there can be a lower number where some of the stereoisomers are...
¹H NMR Chemical Shift Equivalence: Enantiotopic and Diastereotopic Protons00:58

¹H NMR Chemical Shift Equivalence: Enantiotopic and Diastereotopic Protons

Replacing each alpha-hydrogen in chloroethane by bromine (or a different functional group) yields a pair of enantiomers. Such protons are called prochiral or enantiotopic and are related by a mirror plane. Enantiotopic protons are chemically equivalent in an achiral environment. Because most proton NMR spectra are recorded using achiral solvents, enantiotopic hydrogens yield a single signal.
In chiral compounds such as 2-butanol, replacing the methylene hydrogens at C3 produces a pair of...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 13, 2026

A Micropatterning Assay for Measuring Cell Chirality
08:07

A Micropatterning Assay for Measuring Cell Chirality

Published on: March 11, 2022

Chiral analyses at nano-scale.

Imran Ali1, Zeid A AL-Othman, Kishwar Saleem

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia (Central University), New Delhi, India. drimran_ali@yahoo.com

Combinatorial Chemistry & High Throughput Screening
|April 30, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Nano scale chiral separation is crucial for detecting drugs and xenobiotics at low levels. This review covers nano liquid chromatography and nano capillary electrophoresis techniques for advanced chiral analysis.

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Last Updated: Jun 13, 2026

A Micropatterning Assay for Measuring Cell Chirality
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Published on: March 11, 2022

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Assembly of Gold Nanorods into Chiral Plasmonic Metamolecules Using DNA Origami Templates
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Assembly of Gold Nanorods into Chiral Plasmonic Metamolecules Using DNA Origami Templates

Published on: March 5, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Separation Science
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Chiral separation at the nanoscale is critical for drug development, proteomics, genomics, and environmental science.
  • Conventional analytical methods fail to detect drugs and xenobiotics at nanoscale concentrations within biological tissues.
  • Accurate analysis of low-level xenobiotics is essential for human health and safety.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current state-of-the-art in nanoscale chiral separations.
  • To discuss optimization strategies for achieving effective chiral separations.
  • To explore the underlying mechanisms of chiral separations in NLC and NCE.

Main Methods:

  • Review of nano liquid chromatography (NLC) for chiral separations.
  • Review of nano capillary electrophoresis (NCE) for chiral separations.
  • Discussion of optimization techniques applicable to NLC and NCE.

Main Results:

  • NLC and NCE are presented as advanced techniques for nanoscale chiral separations.
  • Key strategies for optimizing chiral separation performance in these nano-scale methods are detailed.
  • Mechanistic insights into chiral recognition and separation in NLC and NCE are provided.

Conclusions:

  • Nanoscale chiral separation techniques, particularly NLC and NCE, offer significant advantages over conventional methods.
  • Optimization of these techniques is crucial for enhancing sensitivity and resolution in complex sample analyses.
  • Understanding separation mechanisms is vital for further development and application of NLC and NCE in various scientific fields.