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The Thyroid Gland

The Thyroid Gland

The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
The follicles have a central cavity lined by simple cuboidal to squamous epithelial cells called follicular cells. These cells produce the glycoprotein...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 13, 2026

"Sun's Seven-Step Technique" for Endoscopic En-Bloc Resection of Thyroid Cancer via the Chest-Breast Approach

"Sun's Seven-Step Technique" for Endoscopic En-Bloc Resection of Thyroid Cancer via the Chest-Breast Approach

Published on: November 28, 2025

Neck node dissection in thyroid cancer. A review.

F Pisello¹, G Geraci, C Lo Nigro

¹University of Palermo, Section of General and Thoracic Surgery.

Il Giornale Di Chirurgia

|April 30, 2010

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Neck dissection with total thyroidectomy for thyroid cancer has benefits and risks. Surgeon experience and dissection extent are crucial for managing cervical node metastases and preventing recurrence.

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Computer-Aided Three-Dimensional Visualization in the Treatment of Locally Advanced Thyroid Cancer

Computer-Aided Three-Dimensional Visualization in the Treatment of Locally Advanced Thyroid Cancer

Published on: June 9, 2023

Area of Science:

Oncology
Surgical Oncology
Endocrine Surgery

Background:

Thyroid cancer frequently recurs in cervical lymph nodes.
Total thyroidectomy (TT) is standard for differentiated and medullary thyroid carcinoma.
Cervical lymph node metastases are a common challenge in thyroid cancer management.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the benefits and drawbacks of adding neck dissection to total thyroidectomy.
To analyze differences between therapeutic and prophylactic neck dissections.
To inform surgical strategies for managing cervical node metastases in thyroid cancer.

Main Methods:

Analysis of therapeutic versus prophylactic neck dissection.
Review of various surgical strategies for cervical lymphadenectomy.
Consideration of potential surgical complications and anatomical risks.

Main Results:

Controversy exists regarding the optimal approach for cervical node metastases, particularly in differentiated thyroid cancer.
Neck dissection may reduce local recurrence, especially in medullary carcinoma.
Surgical risks, including nerve damage, are higher with re-operations or less experienced surgeons.

Conclusions:

The extent of dissection and surgeon experience significantly impact complication and recurrence risks.
Decision-making for neck dissection requires balancing benefits against risks.
Thorough knowledge of thyroid region anatomy is essential for safe and effective neck dissection.