Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 13, 2026

In Vitro Thrombosis Test for Ventricular Assist Devices
Published on: March 21, 2025
An algorithm for preventing bypass-associated dilutional (BAD) coagulopathy: Theory and example
Paul C Herrmann1, Karen L Hay, Brian S Bull
1School of Medicine, Department of Pathology and Human Anatomy, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA.
Objectives:
Crystalloid administered during cardiopulmonary bypass may significantly dilute clotting factor concentrations, particularly in low blood volume patients. Should the administered fluid (pump prime plus IVs) drop the clotting factor concentrations below approximately 38%, almost all patients will bleed, heparin levels will be overestimated and excessive neutralizing protamine will be administered. This combination can render blood virtually unclottable. This paper describes algorithms that quantify dilution risk and the maximum fluid that can be safely administered. A confirmatory calculation to prevent excessive protamine administration is also described.
More Related Videos
09:19In Vitro Microfluidic Disease Model to Study Whole Blood-Endothelial Interactions and Blood Clot Dynamics in Real-Time
Published on: May 24, 2020
09:38A Microfluidic Flow Chamber Model for Platelet Transfusion and Hemostasis Measures Platelet Deposition and Fibrin Formation in Real-time
Published on: February 14, 2017
Related Concept Videos
Coagulation
Anticoagulant Drugs: Low-Molecular-Weight Heparins
Anticoagulant Drugs: Vitamin K Antagonists and Direct Oral Anticoagulants
Warfarin, a prominent vitamin K antagonist family member, exerts its effect by inhibiting the enzyme VKORC1 (vitamin K epoxide reductase complex 1). By hindering this enzyme, warfarin...
Venous Thrombosis III: Interprofessional Care
Extrinsic and Intrinsic Pathways of Hemostasis
The Extrinsic Pathway
The extrinsic pathway of coagulation is typically initiated by tissue damage that exposes blood to tissue factor (TF), a protein released by the damaged tissue cells outside the blood vessels—this interaction with TF triggers biochemical reactions involving specific clotting factors. The key player here is Factor VII, which forms a...