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Related Concept Videos

Gene-Environment Interactions01:20

Gene-Environment Interactions

Gene expression is a dynamic process that is significantly influenced by environmental factors. This interaction underlies the complex nature of biological development and the phenotypic differences observed among individuals, even among those with identical genetic makeups. Factors such as radiation, temperature, behavior, nutrition, and stress play pivotal roles in determining how genes are expressed. The concept of the reaction range is central to understanding this interaction. It posits...
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease I: Introduction01:23

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease I: Introduction

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a common, preventable, and treatable respiratory disorder characterized by persistent symptoms and progressive airflow limitation. This limitation results from a combination of small-airway disease (obstructive bronchiolitis) and parenchymal destruction (emphysema), both driven by chronic inflammation from exposure to harmful particles or gases.The disease includes two main pathological entities: emphysema, marked by destruction of alveolar walls and...
Background and Environment Affect Phenotype02:27

Background and Environment Affect Phenotype

Although the genetic makeup of an organism plays a major role in determining the phenotype, there are also several environmental factors, such as temperature, oxygen availability, presence of mutagens, that can alter an organism’s phenotype.
An example of how genetic background affects phenotype can be seen in horses. The Extension gene in horses is responsible for their coat color. A wild-type gene (EE) produces black pigment in the coat, while a mutant gene (ee) produces red pigment. A...
Asthma I: Introduction01:28

Asthma I: Introduction

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways characterized by variable airflow obstruction and heightened bronchial responsiveness to a wide range of triggers. The underlying inflammation leads to airway swelling, mucus hypersecretion, and smooth muscle constriction, all of which narrow the airway lumen and impede airflow. Clinically, asthma presents with recurrent episodes of wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing, symptoms that typically vary in intensity and...
Epigenetic Regulation01:46

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
Epigenetic Regulation01:37

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...

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Generation of a Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Model in Mice by Repeated Ozone Exposure
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Epigenetics and environmental lung disease.

David A Schwartz1

  • 1Director, Center for Genes, Environment, and Health, Provost, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson Street, A648, Denver, CO 80206, USA. schwartzd@njhealth.org

Proceedings of the American Thoracic Society
|April 30, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Most respiratory diseases stem from gene-environment interactions, but mechanisms remain unclear. This study highlights the crucial role of epigenetic mechanisms in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma development.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental genomics
  • Respiratory medicine
  • Epigenetics

Background:

  • Gene-environment interactions are primary drivers of respiratory diseases like COPD and asthma.
  • Current understanding of the underlying mechanisms guiding these interactions is limited.
  • Technological advancements now permit deeper investigation into environmental genomics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the potential significance of epigenetic mechanisms in respiratory disease.
  • To elucidate how environmental factors influence the genome in lung disease pathogenesis.

Main Methods:

  • Review of conceptual approaches in environmental genomics.
  • Discussion of epigenetic mechanisms mediating environmental effects on gene transcription.
  • Focus on the role of epigenetics in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma.

Main Results:

  • Epigenetic mechanisms act as mediators between environmental exposures and the human genome.
  • These mechanisms control gene expression dynamically in specific tissues and timeframes.
  • Evidence suggests a significant role for epigenetics in the development and progression of COPD and asthma.

Conclusions:

  • Epigenetic mechanisms are pivotal in mediating gene-environment interactions relevant to respiratory diseases.
  • Understanding these epigenetic pathways is crucial for unraveling the etiology of COPD and asthma.
  • Further research into epigenetic modifications holds promise for novel therapeutic strategies.