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Bone Structure01:55

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Within the skeletal system, the structure of a bone, or osseous tissue, can be exemplified in a long bone, like the femur, where there are two types of osseous tissue: cortical and cancellous.
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Bone Cells and Tissue01:30

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Bones contain a relatively small number of cells entrenched in a matrix of organic and inorganic components. Although bone cells compose only a small amount of the bone volume, they are crucial to its function. Four types of cells are found within the bone tissue— osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteogenic cells, and osteoclasts.
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The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
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Bone tissue forms the internal skeleton of vertebrate animals, providing structure to the body.
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Chondrocytes form a temporary cartilaginous model by dividing and secreting a thick gel-like extracellular matrix. Once the chondrocytes undergo programmed cell death, osteoblasts enter the site of the cartilaginous model. The process of replacing the temporary cartilaginous model with bone in an ordered manner is called endochondral ossification. In endochondral ossification, not all of the cartilage is replaced by bone tissue. Some cartilage that performs a protective and supportive function...
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Rous Sarcoma virus or RSV was discovered by F. Peyton Rous in the year 1911 as a filterable transmissible agent that could cause tumors in chickens. He won a Nobel Prize for this discovery in 1966. His experiments clearly demonstrated that some cancers could be caused by infectious agents and led to the discovery of many more cancer-causing viruses in animals as well as humans.
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Bone versus soft-tissue sarcomas in the elderly.

Tomoaki Torigoe1, Atsuhiko Terakado, Yoshiyuki Suehara

  • 1Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan. ttorigoe@med.juntendo.ac.jp

Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery (Hong Kong)
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Summary

Elderly patients with sarcomas have lower survival rates, particularly those with high-grade bone sarcomas. This study compared survival in older adults with bone or soft-tissue sarcomas against younger controls.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Geriatric Medicine
  • Surgical Pathology

Background:

  • Sarcomas are rare cancers affecting bone and soft tissues.
  • The impact of age on sarcoma outcomes requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare survival rates in elderly patients diagnosed with bone sarcomas versus soft-tissue sarcomas.
  • To compare survival rates in elderly sarcoma patients against younger controls.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective review of 20 elderly patients (70-91 years) with bone or soft-tissue sarcomas.
  • Comparison of 5-year survival rates with 110 younger controls (9-69 years) using Kaplan-Meier analysis.
  • Analysis of tumor grade, size, location, stage, surgical margins, and treatment modalities.

Main Results:

  • Elderly patients had significantly lower 5-year survival rates than younger controls (35% vs. 65%, p=0.048).
  • No significant difference in survival between bone and soft-tissue sarcomas was observed in elderly patients (0% vs. 52%, p=0.068).
  • High-grade bone sarcomas in the elderly were associated with particularly poor prognosis, though not statistically significant in this cohort.

Conclusions:

  • Survival rates for sarcomas tend to be lower in the elderly population.
  • High-grade bone sarcomas represent a critical subgroup with diminished survival outcomes in older adults.
  • Further research is warranted to explore age-related disparities in sarcoma treatment and prognosis.