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Related Concept Videos

Genomic DNA in Prokaryotes00:46

Genomic DNA in Prokaryotes

The genome of most prokaryotic organisms consists of double-stranded DNA organized into one circular chromosome in a region of cytoplasm called the nucleoid. The chromosome is tightly wound, or supercoiled, for efficient storage. Prokaryotes also contain other circular pieces of DNA called plasmids. These plasmids are smaller than the chromosome and often carry genes that confer adaptive functions, such as antibiotic resistance.
Genomic Diversity in Bacteria
Although bacterial genomes are much...
Evolution of Microbial Genome01:08

Evolution of Microbial Genome

Microbial genome evolution is a highly dynamic process shaped by continual gene gain and loss across species and strains. This genomic flexibility allows microorganisms to adapt rapidly to environmental pressures and interactions with other organisms. Central to understanding this diversity is the distinction between the core and pan genomes.The core genome comprises the genes shared by all sampled strains of a species, representing essential functions needed for fundamental cellular processes.
Prokaryotic Cells01:28

Prokaryotic Cells

Prokaryotes are small unicellular organisms that include the domains — Archaea and Bacteria. Bacteria include many common microorganisms, such as Salmonella and E. coli, while the Archaea include extremophiles that live in harsh environments, such as volcanic springs.
Like eukaryotic cells, all prokaryotic cells are surrounded by a plasma membrane, have genetic material in the form of single, circular DNA, a cytoplasm that fills the interior of the cell, and ribosomes that synthesize proteins.
Prokaryotic Cells01:51

Prokaryotic Cells

Prokaryotes are small unicellular organisms that include the domains—Archaea and Bacteria. Bacteria include many common organisms, such as Salmonella and E. coli, while the Archaea include extremophiles that live in harsh environments, such as volcanic springs.Like eukaryotic cells, all prokaryotic cells are surrounded by a plasma membrane, have genetic material in the form of single, circular DNA, a cytoplasm that fills the interior of the cell, and ribosomes that synthesize proteins. However,...
Prokaryotic cells01:51

Prokaryotic cells

Prokaryotes are small unicellular organisms that include the domains—Archaea and Bacteria. Bacteria include many common organisms, such as Salmonella and E. coli, while the Archaea include extremophiles that live in harsh environments, such as volcanic springs.Like eukaryotic cells, all prokaryotic cells are surrounded by a plasma membrane, have genetic material in the form of single, circular DNA, a cytoplasm that fills the interior of the cell, and ribosomes that synthesize proteins. However,...
Binary Fission01:26

Binary Fission

Binary fission is the primary mode of asexual reproduction in prokaryotes, such as bacteria. It results in the production of two genetically identical daughter cells. This highly efficient process ensures the rapid propagation of bacterial populations under favorable conditions and involves coordinated cellular and molecular events.DNA Replication and SeparationThe process begins with the replication of the bacterial chromosome. The circular DNA molecule unwinds at a specific origin of...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 13, 2026

Hybrid De Novo Genome Assembly for the Generation of Complete Genomes of Urinary Bacteria using Short- and Long-read Sequencing Technologies
12:08

Hybrid De Novo Genome Assembly for the Generation of Complete Genomes of Urinary Bacteria using Short- and Long-read Sequencing Technologies

Published on: August 20, 2021

One bacterial cell, one complete genome.

Tanja Woyke1, Damon Tighe, Konstantinos Mavromatis

  • 1Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, California, United States of America.

Plos One
|April 30, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers generated the first complete genome from a single, uncultured microbial cell using single cell genomics. This breakthrough provides a high-quality reference genome for environmental microbial population studies.

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An Ultrahigh-throughput Microfluidic Platform for Single-cell Genome Sequencing

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 13, 2026

Hybrid De Novo Genome Assembly for the Generation of Complete Genomes of Urinary Bacteria using Short- and Long-read Sequencing Technologies
12:08

Hybrid De Novo Genome Assembly for the Generation of Complete Genomes of Urinary Bacteria using Short- and Long-read Sequencing Technologies

Published on: August 20, 2021

Isolation and Genome Analysis of Single Virions using 'Single Virus Genomics'
08:31

Isolation and Genome Analysis of Single Virions using 'Single Virus Genomics'

Published on: May 26, 2013

An Ultrahigh-throughput Microfluidic Platform for Single-cell Genome Sequencing
10:00

An Ultrahigh-throughput Microfluidic Platform for Single-cell Genome Sequencing

Published on: May 23, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Microbial genomics
  • Single cell genomics
  • Bioinformatics

Background:

  • Most microorganisms cannot be cultured, limiting genomic analysis.
  • Single cell genomics offers a culture-independent method to access individual microbial genomes.
  • No single cell genome had been fully completed and finished prior to this study.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report the first closed and finished genome from an uncultured single microbial cell.
  • To demonstrate the utility of single cell genomics for generating high-quality reference genomes.
  • To analyze the genetic diversity within a microbial population.

Main Methods:

  • Isolation and whole genome amplification of a single cell from Candidatus Sulcia muelleri DMIN using multiple displacement amplification (MDA).
  • Genome closure and finishing using Sanger sequencing methods.
  • Independent shotgun sequencing and assembly of pooled bacteriome DNA for verification using a metagenomic approach.

Main Results:

  • A complete, high-quality genome was successfully generated from a single uncultured cell of Candidatus Sulcia muelleri.
  • The single cell genome was nearly identical to the genome assembled from pooled samples, validating the approach.
  • Analysis revealed extremely low genetic diversity within the Sulcia population, with only two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) detected.

Conclusions:

  • Single cell genomics is a powerful technique for producing complete, non-composite reference genomes from environmental samples.
  • This method overcomes limitations of microbial culturing for genomic studies.
  • The generated reference genome enables detailed population genetic analyses of previously inaccessible microbes.