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Language Characteristics of Individuals with Down Syndrome.
Gary E Martin1, Jessica Klusek, Bruno Estigarribia
1Frank Porter Graham Child Development Institute and Division of Speech and Hearing Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.
Topics in Language Disorders
|April 30, 2010
Summary
Individuals with Down syndrome (DS) show a distinct language profile, with stronger receptive than expressive skills. This review details their challenges in phonology, syntax, and literacy, offering clinical insights.
Area of Science:
- Linguistics
- Genetics
- Developmental Psychology
Background:
- Down syndrome (DS) is the most common genetic cause of intellectual disability.
- Individuals with DS exhibit a characteristic, though variable, language and communication profile.
- Receptive language skills generally surpass expressive language abilities in this population.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the literature on language and literacy skills in individuals with Down syndrome.
- To emphasize specific areas including phonology, vocabulary, syntax, and pragmatics.
- To discuss associated characteristics and clinical implications.
Main Methods:
- Systematic literature review of studies on Down syndrome language and literacy.
- Analysis of research focusing on phonological, lexical, syntactic, and pragmatic development.
- Inclusion of data on hearing, oral-motor, cognitive, and social factors.
Main Results:
- Individuals with DS present with stronger receptive than expressive language.
- Consistent challenges are noted in phonology (speech sound production) and syntax (sentence structure).
- Vocabulary and pragmatic skills also present unique developmental trajectories.
Conclusions:
- Understanding the specific language profile in Down syndrome is crucial for targeted interventions.
- Addressing challenges in phonology, syntax, and expressive language is key for improving communication.
- Further research is needed to refine clinical approaches and support literacy development.
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