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Updated: Jun 13, 2026

Evolution of Staircase Structures in Diffusive Convection
Published on: September 5, 2018
Dynamic of sea water interface using hydrochemical facies evolution diagram
1Instituto Geolóógico y Minero de España (IGME) - Geological Survey of Spain, Department of Research in Geological Resources, Ríos Rosas 23, 28003 Madrid, Spain. e.gimenez@igme.es
Abstract:
assignment of hydrochemical facies identifies whether the aquifer is in the phase of sea water intrusion or freshening, indicating the status of the aquifer in terms of the advance or regression of the saline front. A new multi-rectangular diagram is proposed that aids interpretation of these important processes through the representation and evolution of hydrochemical facies (hydrochemical facies evolution diagram, HFE-D). As an example, the HEF-D is applied to an alluvial aquifer in the Vinaroz-Peñíscola Plain (Spain), where Ca-Cl facies characterize the sea water intrusion phase, while Na-MixHCO(3)/MixSO(4) facies characterize a freshening stage.
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