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Intermittent breathing in vertebrates.

W K Milsom1

  • 1Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.

Annual Review of Physiology
|January 1, 1991
PubMed
Summary

Animals with intermittent breathing regulate blood gases and pH despite large fluctuations. This suggests respiratory pattern control relies more on external inputs than central rhythm generators.

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Area of Science:

  • Comparative Physiology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Animals with intermittent breathing patterns exhibit significant fluctuations in respiratory variables.
  • Despite these fluctuations, blood gases and pH are maintained within a homeostatic range.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the control mechanisms underlying intermittent breathing patterns in vertebrates.
  • To explore the relationship between episodic and single-breath patterns.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of respiratory variables in animals with intermittent breathing.
  • Experimental manipulation to convert episodic breathing patterns to single-breath patterns.

Main Results:

  • Respiratory pattern generation appears dependent on peripheral receptor and higher brain stem inputs, with the medulla playing a key role.
  • Peripheral inputs from lung mechanoreceptors and chemoreceptors regulate tidal volume, ventilatory period, and pause length independently.
  • Both episodic and single-breath patterns are manifestations of a common control system, with episodic breathing potentially arising from vagally modulated supramedullary input.

Conclusions:

  • A common control mechanism likely underlies intermittent breathing patterns across all vertebrates.
  • Intermittent breathing may be linked to reduced metabolic rate, allowing for less continuous respiratory support.
  • Further research is needed to clarify the precise roles of different receptor groups in regulating specific respiratory variables.

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