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Related Concept Videos

Functional Classification of Joints01:09

Functional Classification of Joints

Functional Classification of Joints
The functional classification of joints is determined by the amount of mobility between the adjacent bones. Joints are functionally classified as a synarthrosis or immobile joint, an amphiarthrosis or slightly moveable joint, or as a diarthrosis, a freely moveable joint. Fibrous and cartilaginous joints can be functionally classified as either synarthroses  or amphiarthroses, whereas all synovial joints are classified as diarthroses.
Synarthrosis
An immobile...
Development of the Limb Synovial Joints01:07

Development of the Limb Synovial Joints

Joints form during embryonic development in conjunction with the formation and growth of the associated bones. The embryonic tissue that gives rise to all bones, cartilage, and connective tissues of the body is called mesenchyme.
The mesenchymal stem cells differentiate into chondrocytes that form the hyaline cartilage, and later the cartilaginous model of the bone. This model further transforms into a bone. This process is known as endochondral ossification.
During development, the limbs...
Nondisjunction01:21

Nondisjunction

Nondisjunction is the failure of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids to separate correctly and move to the opposite poles of the cells. This produces daughter cells with abnormal chromosome numbers.  Nondisjunction is common during anaphase I or anaphase II of meiosis.  Mutations in synaptonemal complex proteins that attach homologous chromosomes increase the chances of nondisjunction in anaphase I of meiosis I. In contrast, mutations in topoisomerases and condensins that hold sister...
Nondisjunction01:29

Nondisjunction

During meiosis, chromosomes occasionally separate improperly. This occurs due to failure of homologous chromosome separation during meiosis I or failed sister chromatid separation during meiosis II. In some species, notably plants, nondisjunction can result in an organism with an entire additional set of chromosomes, which is called polyploidy. In humans, nondisjunction can occur during male or female gametogenesis and the resulting gametes possess one too many or one too few chromosomes.
Nondisjunction01:29

Nondisjunction

During meiosis, chromosomes occasionally separate improperly. This occurs due to failure of homologous chromosome separation during meiosis I or failed sister chromatid separation during meiosis II. In some species, notably plants, nondisjunction can result in an organism with an entire additional set of chromosomes, which is called polyploidy. In humans, nondisjunction can occur during male or female gametogenesis and the resulting gametes possess one too many or one too few chromosomes.
Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance02:30

Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance

Diploid organisms inherit genetic material through chromosomes from both parents. Copies of the same gene are known as alleles. In most cases, both alleles are simultaneously expressed and allow various cellular processes to function optimally. If one of the alleles is missing or mutated, the expression of the other allele can compensate; however, this is not true for all genes.
The expression of some genes depends on which parent passed the gene to the offspring, through a phenomenon known as...

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A Pipeline to Characterize Structural Heart Defects in the Fetal Mouse
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[Arthrogryposis multiplex congenita. I.].

I Marík1, A Schejbalová, M Kuklík

  • 1Ortopedická klinika 2. lékarské fakulty KU, Praha.

Acta Chirurgiae Orthopaedicae Et Traumatologiae Cechoslovaca
|May 1, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study reviews diagnostics and therapy for arthrogryposis multiplex congenita, focusing on distal arthrogryposis-amyoplasia. Early diagnosis involves clinical-genetic exams, dermatoglyphics, and EMG, guiding effective surgical treatment.

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Genetics
  • Neurology
  • Orthopedics

Context:

  • Arthrogryposis multiplex congenita (AMC) presents diagnostic and therapeutic challenges.
  • Hall's 1982 and 1983 classifications provide a framework for understanding congenital contractures.
  • Distal arthrogryposis, particularly amyoplasia, requires specific diagnostic approaches.

Purpose:

  • To detail current diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for AMC.
  • To differentiate distal arthrogryposis-amyoplasia from similar conditions.
  • To evaluate the efficacy of diagnostic tools and treatment methods.

Summary:

  • The study classifies AMC based on Hall's criteria, focusing on distal arthrogryposis-amyoplasia.
  • Key diagnostic tools include clinical-genetic examination, dermatoglyphics, and electromyography (EMG).
  • Distal arthrogryposis-amyoplasia is characterized by non-progressive symptoms, unaffected nerves, and normal intelligence, distinguishing it from spinal degenerative diseases.

Impact:

  • Improved diagnostic accuracy for AMC through integrated methods.
  • Enhanced understanding of distal arthrogryposis-amyoplasia.
  • Informed therapeutic decisions, including surgical interventions, based on comprehensive evaluation.