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The auditory system is essential for sound perception, utilizing various critical structures. When sound waves enter the outer ear, they travel through the ear canal and cause the eardrum to vibrate. These vibrations are then transmitted to the middle ear, where three tiny bones – the malleus, incus, and stapes – amplify the sound. This amplification is crucial, as it ensures that the sound vibrations are strong enough to be conveyed to the inner ear. These vibrations then reach the cochlea, a...
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Phonetic duration, phonological quantity and prosodic structure in Inari Saami.

Patrik Bye1, Elin Sagulin, Ida Toivonen

  • 1University of Tromsø/CASTL, Tromsø, Norway. patrik.bye@uit.no

Phonetica
|May 1, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Inari Saami, an endangered language, exhibits a unique three-way consonant length contrast. This phonemic distinction is most prominent after short vowels, with implications for the language's prosodic structure.

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Area of Science:

  • Phonetics and Phonology
  • Linguistic Anthropology
  • Endangered Languages Research

Background:

  • Inari Saami, a Finno-Ugric language spoken in Northern Finland, is critically endangered.
  • Previous research suggests a potential three-way contrast in consonant length: short, half-long, and long.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the acoustic realization of consonant length in Inari Saami disyllabic words.
  • To determine if a ternary contrast in consonant length exists and how it is affected by preceding vowel length.
  • To explore the prosodic implications of consonant length variations.

Main Methods:

  • Acoustic analysis of disyllabic words (C)V1CxV2(C) produced by 5 native Inari Saami speakers.
  • Controlled variation of the preceding vowel (V1) length (short vs. long).
  • Measurement of consonant and vowel durations to assess phonemic contrasts.

Main Results:

  • Confirmation of a three-way contrast in medial consonant length in Inari Saami.
  • The consonant length contrast is more robust following a short V1.
  • A negative correlation between V2 duration and medial consonant length was observed, except when both V1 and the medial consonant are long, suggesting a different prosodic structure.

Conclusions:

  • Inari Saami possesses a ternary contrast in consonant length, a significant phonological feature.
  • The prosodic structure of certain disyllabic words, characterized by long V1 and medial consonant, appears to involve two metrical feet, aligning with morphophonological and historical data.