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Related Concept Videos

Kidney Transplant I: Introduction01:28

Kidney Transplant I: Introduction

A kidney transplant is a surgical approach that involves replacing a non-functioning kidney with a healthy one from a donor. This procedure is often a treatment option for end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients. The method requires careful recipient selection, including evaluating various medical and psychosocial factors. These criteria vary between transplant centers but generally include assessments of the patient's overall health, adherence to medical recommendations, and lifestyle...
Kidney Transplant II: Surgical Procedure01:26

Kidney Transplant II: Surgical Procedure

Preoperative ManagementThe primary goals of preoperative management in kidney transplantation are to optimize the patient’s metabolic state and prepare them for surgery through diet adjustments, necessary dialysis, and tailored medical treatment. This phase also involves comprehensive infection screening and patient education about the surgical procedure and postoperative care to improve outcomes and adherence.Medical ManagementA comprehensive evaluation is required for both the living donor...
Kidney Transplant III: Nursing Management01:16

Kidney Transplant III: Nursing Management

Postoperative Nursing Management for Kidney Transplant PatientsPostoperative nursing management care includes monitoring the surgical site, encouraging early movement, and promoting lung health through breathing exercises. Nurses also administer prescribed medications like H2-blockers, such as famotidine, or proton pump inhibitors, like omeprazole, to help prevent gastrointestinal ulcers and bleeding. Fungal infections in the mouth and bladder can result from immunosuppressive and antibiotic...
Acute Kidney Injury III: Clinical Manifestations01:29

Acute Kidney Injury III: Clinical Manifestations

Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) progresses through distinct clinical phases: the oliguric, diuretic, and recovery phases, each marked by unique manifestations and challenges.Oliguric Phase:The oliguric phase is the initial stage of AKI, typically lasting 10 to 14 days. This phase is marked by a significant reduction in urine output, usually less than 400 mL per day, indicating decreased kidney function. Fluid retention is a prominent feature, leading to symptoms such as edema, hypertension, and...
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion01:26

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion

In pediatric medicine, understanding the renal function and drug elimination nuances is crucial for administering safe and effective treatments. Newborns, in particular, display markedly slower renal functions than adults, profoundly affecting how drugs are cleared from their bodies. This slower drug clearance requires clinicians to extend the dosing intervals for many medications to prevent drug accumulation and toxicity while ensuring therapeutic efficacy.One key area where these adjustments...
Acute Kidney Injury IV: Diagnostic Studies and Prevention01:30

Acute Kidney Injury IV: Diagnostic Studies and Prevention

Accurate diagnosis and effective prevention are critical in managing Acute Kidney Injury (AKI), which is linked to high mortality rates ranging from 10% to 80%. Timely recognition of at-risk patients and careful monitoring can significantly reduce the likelihood of kidney damage.Diagnostic Assessments:The diagnostic process starts with a comprehensive medical history to identify prerenal, intrarenal, and postrenal causes.Prerenal causes, such as dehydration, hypotension, or blood loss, should...

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Murine Kidney Transplant Technique
08:58

Murine Kidney Transplant Technique

Published on: October 20, 2015

Progress in pediatric kidney transplantation.

Guido Filler1, Shih-Han S Huang

  • 1Department of Paediatrics, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada. guido.filler@lhsc.on.ca

Therapeutic Drug Monitoring
|May 1, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Pediatric renal transplant recipients face long-term issues like infections and cardiovascular disease despite good initial survival. Focusing on these complications, including managing chronic kidney disease and medication side effects, improves long-term graft and patient outcomes.

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Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Pediatric Transplantation
  • Immunosuppression

Background:

  • Pediatric renal transplantation has shifted focus from immediate graft survival to long-term outcomes.
  • While 1-year survival is excellent, long-term complications remain a significant challenge for pediatric transplant recipients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the evolving focus in pediatric renal transplantation over the past decade.
  • To highlight the prevalence and impact of long-term complications, including infections, malignancies, medication side effects, obesity, and cardiovascular disease.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent literature and clinical focus shifts in pediatric renal transplantation.
  • Analysis of outcomes related to immunosuppression, chronic kidney disease, and cardiovascular risk factors.

Main Results:

  • Excellent 1-year graft and patient survival are achievable with modern immunosuppression.
  • Long-term complications such as infections, malignancies, obesity, cardiovascular disease, and chronic kidney disease are prevalent.
  • Corticosteroids pose significant risks, including growth stunting, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and diabetogenicity.

Conclusions:

  • A shift in focus towards managing long-term complications is crucial for improving graft and patient survival.
  • Protocols like rapid steroid withdrawal show promise in mitigating side effects without increasing rejection risk.
  • Continued attention to immunosuppressive medication side effects is essential for optimizing long-term outcomes in pediatric renal transplant recipients.