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Inhalation Anthrax

Anthrax is a zoonotic disease caused by Bacillus anthracis, a Gram-positive, spore-forming bacterium. It primarily affects herbivorous animals but can be transmitted to humans through skin contact, ingestion, or inhalation of spores.Cutaneous anthrax, the most common form, typically results from direct contact with bacterial spores through skin abrasions and is generally less severe. Gastrointestinal anthrax results from eating undercooked or contaminated meat. It affects the mouth, throat, or...
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Updated: Jun 13, 2026

Topical Airway Anesthesia for Awake-endoscopic Intubation Using the Spray-as-you-go Technique with High Oxygen Flow
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Inhaled aztreonam.

Brian P O'Sullivan1, Uma Yasothan, Peter Kirkpatrick

  • 1Brian P. O'Sullivan is at the University of Massachusetts Memorial Medical Center, 55 Lake Avenue Worcester, Massachusetts 01655, USA. osullivb@ummhc.org

Nature Reviews. Drug Discovery
|May 1, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Aztreonam for inhalation solution was FDA-approved in 2010 for cystic fibrosis patients with Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections. This treatment aims to improve respiratory symptoms in affected individuals.

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07:28

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Published on: April 6, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Respiratory Medicine
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a common pathogen in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients, leading to chronic lung infections and progressive respiratory decline.
  • Antibiotic resistance is a significant challenge in managing CF lung infections.
  • Aztreonam is a monobactam antibiotic with activity against Gram-negative bacteria.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the FDA approval of aztreonam for inhalation solution (Cayston) for CF patients.
  • To highlight the potential benefits of inhaled aztreonam in managing Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections in CF.

Main Methods:

  • Review of FDA approval documentation and relevant clinical studies.
  • Focus on the formulation and administration of aztreonam for inhalation.

Main Results:

  • Aztreonam for inhalation solution (Cayston) received FDA approval in February 2010.
  • The drug is indicated to improve respiratory symptoms in CF patients with P. aeruginosa.
  • Inhaled aztreonam provides targeted delivery to the lungs.

Conclusions:

  • Inhaled aztreonam represents a new therapeutic option for CF patients with P. aeruginosa.
  • This formulation offers a targeted approach to combating lung infections in CF.
  • Continued research and clinical experience are important for optimizing its use.