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Related Concept Videos

Bone Disorders01:29

Bone Disorders

Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...
Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers01:20

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers

Cardiac biomarkers are enzymes, proteins, and hormones released into the blood when cardiac cells are injured. They are powerful tools for triaging.
The essential diagnostic tools for detecting myocardial necrosis and monitoring individuals suspected of having acute coronary syndrome (ACS) include:
Troponins
Troponins, particularly cardiac troponins I and T, are the most precise and sensitive markers of myocardial injury. They are detectable within 4-6 hours of myocardial injury and remain...
Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling01:31

Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling

Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during bone...
Skeleton and Calcium Homeostasis01:21

Skeleton and Calcium Homeostasis

Calcium is not only the most abundant mineral in bone but also the most abundant mineral in the human body. Calcium ions are needed for bone mineralization, tooth health, heart rate regulation and strength of contraction, blood coagulation, the contraction of smooth and skeletal muscle cells, and the regulation of nerve impulse conduction. The average calcium level in the blood is about 10 mg/dL. When the body cannot maintain this level, a person will experience hypo or hypercalcemia.
The Functions of the Skeletal System01:22

The Functions of the Skeletal System

The most apparent functions of the skeletal system are support, protection, and movement. However, bone tissue also performs several other critical metabolic functions. For one, the bone matrix acts as a reservoir for a number of minerals important to the functioning of the body, especially calcium and phosphorus. These minerals, present in the bone tissue, can be released back into the bloodstream when required. Calcium ions, for example, are essential for muscle contractions and controlling...
Blood Studies I: ABG and VBG01:26

Blood Studies I: ABG and VBG

Blood studies are critical in the medical field, enabling healthcare professionals to assess a patient's health status accurately. This page will focus on two significant blood studies: Arterial Blood Gas (ABG) and Venous Blood Gas (VBG).
Arterial Blood Gas (ABG)
Arterial Blood Gas (ABG) studies are crucial for assessing the lungs' ability to supply oxygen and remove carbon dioxide, reflecting the patient's ventilation status. They also help understand the kidneys' capacity to reabsorb or...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 13, 2026

Doppler Ultrasound-Based Leg Blood Flow Assessment During Single-Leg Knee-Extensor Exercise in an Uncontrolled Setting
09:18

Doppler Ultrasound-Based Leg Blood Flow Assessment During Single-Leg Knee-Extensor Exercise in an Uncontrolled Setting

Published on: December 15, 2023

Bone status in professional cyclists.

F Campion1, A M Nevill, M K Karlsson

  • 1Clinical and Molecular Osteoporosis Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences and Orthopaedic Surgery, Malmö University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden. fcampion@vo2max.org

International Journal of Sports Medicine
|May 1, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Professional cyclists exhibit lower bone mineral density (BMD) across most body sites, particularly the femoral neck, despite extensive training. This suggests cycling negatively impacts bone health in young, active males.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 13, 2026

Doppler Ultrasound-Based Leg Blood Flow Assessment During Single-Leg Knee-Extensor Exercise in an Uncontrolled Setting
09:18

Doppler Ultrasound-Based Leg Blood Flow Assessment During Single-Leg Knee-Extensor Exercise in an Uncontrolled Setting

Published on: December 15, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Sports Medicine
  • Orthopedics
  • Exercise Physiology

Background:

  • Professional cycling involves prolonged endurance training and non-weight-bearing exercise.
  • These training modalities are often linked to reduced bone mineral density (BMD).
  • Understanding the impact of elite cycling on bone health is crucial for athlete well-being.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate and compare bone mineral density (BMD) in professional road cyclists versus a control group of healthy young males.
  • To identify specific skeletal sites affected by professional cycling.

Main Methods:

  • Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was used to measure BMD in 30 professional cyclists and 30 healthy male controls.
  • Statistical analysis (ANCOVA) adjusted for age, height, fat mass, lean body mass, and calcium intake.
  • BMD was assessed at the total body, arms, legs, spine, pelvis, lumbar spine, and femoral neck.

Main Results:

  • Professional cyclists showed significantly lower BMD in the total body, arms, legs, spine, pelvis, lumbar spine, and femoral neck compared to controls.
  • Head BMD was similar between cyclists and the control group.
  • The femoral neck exhibited the most significant reduction in BMD (-18%) among cyclists.

Conclusions:

  • Professional cycling appears to negatively impact bone mineral density (BMD) in young, healthy, highly active males.
  • Despite intense physical activity, significant BMD deficits are observed, especially at the femoral neck.
  • This highlights a potential risk for bone health issues in elite cyclists, warranting further investigation and potential interventions.