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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 13, 2026

Detrusor Underactivity Model in Rats by Conus Medullaris Transection

Detrusor Underactivity Model in Rats by Conus Medullaris Transection

Published on: August 28, 2020

Mixed incontinence: current evidence and future perspectives.

Vik Khullar¹, Linda Cardozo, Roger Dmochowski

¹Department of Urogynaecology, Imperial College London, London, UK.

Neurourology and Urodynamics

|May 1, 2010

Summary

Mixed incontinence, a combination of stress and urge symptoms, affects many women and often resists treatment. Antimuscarinic agents like tolterodine show promise as an initial therapy for managing these symptoms.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 13, 2026

Detrusor Underactivity Model in Rats by Conus Medullaris Transection

Detrusor Underactivity Model in Rats by Conus Medullaris Transection

Published on: August 28, 2020

Area of Science:

Urology
Gynecology
Pharmacology

Background:

Mixed incontinence, combining stress and urge symptoms, affects approximately 33% of women with incontinence.
This condition frequently shows poor response to current pharmacologic and surgical treatments.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the epidemiology and treatment options for mixed incontinence.
To evaluate the efficacy of pharmacologic agents and surgical interventions for mixed incontinence.

Main Methods:

Review of existing literature on mixed incontinence treatments.
Analysis of clinical trial data for antimuscarinic agents (tolterodine) and serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (duloxetine oxalate).
Examination of studies on estrogen replacement therapy and surgical interventions.

Main Results:

Tolterodine significantly reduced incontinence episodes and improved urgency in a multinational trial.
Duloxetine oxalate demonstrated efficacy for stress incontinence and potential benefits for mixed incontinence.
Estrogen therapy yielded conflicting results, and surgical cure rates for mixed incontinence varied.

Conclusions:

Antimuscarinic agents are supported as an initial treatment for mixed incontinence.
Further long-term trials are necessary to fully understand the duration of treatment benefits.