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Updated: Jun 13, 2026
16:08
Brain Imaging Investigation of the Impairing Effect of Emotion on Cognition
Published on: February 1, 2012
[Effects of smiling manipulation on negative cognitive process during self-focused attention]
Tetsuya Yamamoto1, Shinkichi Sugimori, Hironori Shimada
1Graduate School of Human Sciences, Waseda University, Mikajima, Tokorozawa 319-1192, Japan. yamatetsu@fuji.waseda.jp
Summary
Smiling during self-focused attention can reduce negative mood and increase positive thoughts. This study explored how facial expressions influence emotional and cognitive processes, particularly when facing negative stimuli.
Area of Science:
- Psychology
- Cognitive Science
- Affective Science
Context:
- Investigating the impact of facial expressions on emotional regulation.
- Examining cognitive and emotional processes during negative mood induction.
- Utilizing the Interacting Cognitive Subsystems framework to understand underlying mechanisms.
Purpose:
- To determine the effects of smiling on cognitive and emotional states.
- To explore the timing of smiling (before vs. during negative self-focused attention).
- To analyze the influence of smiling on mood and spontaneous thought content.
Summary:
- Participants underwent self-focused attention with varied smiling conditions (control, smile before, smile after).
- Smiling before or during negative self-focused attention reduced negative mood and increased positive thoughts compared to a control group.
- The buffer condition (smiling before) also increased positive mood, unlike the control group.
Impact:
- Smiling before and during negative self-focused attention can be a protective strategy against negative mood.
- Findings highlight the role of facial expressions in modulating emotional and cognitive responses.
- Suggests practical applications for emotional regulation techniques involving facial feedback.
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