Nickel, cobalt and chromate sensitization and occupation
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Published on: June 21, 2015
Francesca Rui1, Massimo Bovenzi, Andrea Prodi
1Clinical Unit of Occupational Medicine, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy. frui@units.it
Background:
Exposure to nickel, cobalt and chromate are important causes of occupational contact dermatitis.
Objectives:
To estimate the prevalence of nickel, cobalt and chromate allergy in a population of consecutive patients and to investigate the possible association with individual and occupational risk factors.
Patients/Methods:
A total of 14 464 patients (67.6% women and 32.4% men) with suspected allergic dermatitis underwent patch tests. The associations between patch test results and occupations were studied by multivariate logistic regression analysis.
Results:
About 24.6% of the patients reacted positively to nickel sulphate, 10.2% to cobalt chloride and 8.7% to potassium dichromate. Nickel sensitization was higher in women aged 26-35 years in comparison with the youngest group (15-25 years) and the older group (> 45 years). In women, the prevalence of positive reactions to nickel was positively associated with metal and mechanical work (OR 1.54; 95%, CI 1.16-2.05). Chromate sensitization was more prevalent in building trade workers for both women (OR 1.58; 95% CI 1.00-2.49) and men (OR 2.24; 95% CI 1.55-3.22). Cobalt sensitization was associated with textile and leather work in women (OR 1.52; 95% CI 1.09-2.12) and with cleaning work in men (OR 1.86; 95% CI 1.18-2.93).
Conclusions:
Our study showed interesting associations between some occupations and nickel, chromate and cobalt allergy.
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