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Brain retractor systems
Manuel Dujovny1, Onyekachi Ibe, Alfred Perlin
1Biomechanic Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University, School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA. manueldujovny@hotmail.com
Objective:
Reviews of the brain retractor evolution are described. Instrument characteristics as well as the physiopathological and histopathological damage of the brain are induced by brain retraction.
Materials And Methods:
The literature related to the brain retractor was reviewed. Journals, books, personal testimony, government patents, and electronic media databases were analysed.
Results:
The brain retractor started as a hand-held flat ribbon manufactured on copper and stainless steel. This shape evolved into a shovel. Several shapes acquired from the early period were from a tappered, spoon shape covered by silicone. The posterior evolution was the development of the articulate arm, fixed to the skull or to the self-retaining subcutaneous retractor, or attached to a frame or to a stereotactic instrument. The pressure monitor was the most important safety addition.
Conclusion:
In conclusion, a better monitor system needs to be developed to avoid brain injury.
