Research progress on the age-related changes in proteins of the synaptic active zone

Neurotransmitter release during synaptic transmission is mediated by the presynaptic active zone. Multiple protein components at the active zone region interact to regulate docking, priming and fusion of the synaptic vesicles with the presynaptic membrane to maintain normal neurotransmitter release. This review discusses research progress in questions of protein transcript and expression pattern changes at the synaptic active zone related to aging and whether these changes have the effects on learning and memory. We will specifically address normal synaptic structure and proteins; active zone structure and components; active zone functional regulation and age-related changes in active zone proteins.