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Transgenic Plants

Transgenic Plants

Recombinant DNA technology called transgenesis is often used to add a foreign gene or remove a detrimental gene from an organism. Such genetically modified organisms are called transgenic organisms.
The first-ever transgenic plant was a tobacco plant developed in 1983 that showed resistance against the tobacco mosaic virus. Since then, many transgenic plants have been developed and commercialized for improving the agricultural, ornamental, and horticultural value of a crop plant. Transgenic...

Transgenic Organisms

Transgenic Organisms

Inducible Operons: lac Operon

Inducible Operons: lac Operon

The lac operon in Escherichia coli is a model for understanding inducible gene regulation and metabolic flexibility. It integrates local control by lactose and global regulation through catabolite repression, enabling E. coli to preferentially metabolize glucose when available and switch to lactose utilization when glucose is scarce.Structure and Function of the lac OperonThe lac operon contains three structural genes: lacZ (β-galactosidase), lacY (lactose permease), and lacA (thiogalactoside...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 13, 2026

Breeding by Design for Functional Rice with Genome Editing Technologies

Breeding by Design for Functional Rice with Genome Editing Technologies

Published on: January 3, 2025

A selectively terminable transgenic rice line expressing human lactoferrin.

Chaoyang Lin¹, Peng Nie, Wei Lu

¹State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China.

Protein Expression and Purification

|May 4, 2010

Summary

This study developed a new transgenic rice that produces human lactoferrin (hLF) and can be safely eliminated using the herbicide bentazon. This ensures the genetically modified rice does not enter the food supply.

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Area of Science:

Biotechnology
Plant Science
Molecular Biology

Background:

Human lactoferrin (hLF) is a valuable protein for health applications.
Transgenic rice offers a platform for large-scale hLF production.
Concerns exist regarding the environmental and food supply risks of transgenic crops.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a transgenic rice line that expresses human lactoferrin (hLF) in seeds.
To engineer this transgenic rice for selective termination using a common herbicide.
To ensure the safety of recombinant hLF production in rice.

Main Methods:

Constructed a T-DNA with an hLF expression cassette, an RNA interference cassette targeting the bentazon-detoxifying gene CYP81A6, and a glyphosate tolerance cassette (EPSPS).
Identified a transgenic rice line (G281) exhibiting high hLF expression, bentazon sensitivity, and glyphosate tolerance.
Confirmed single-copy insertion via Southern analysis and conducted field tests for herbicide efficacy.

Main Results:

The G281 transgenic rice line demonstrated high expression of human lactoferrin in seeds.
G281 plants were effectively killed by a single bentazon application (1000 mg/L), a dose safe for conventional rice.
The developed system allows for selective termination of G281 rice, preventing its entry into food or feed chains.

Conclusions:

Selectively terminable transgenic rice expressing hLF has been successfully developed.
This approach mitigates the risks associated with the environmental spread and food contamination of transgenic crops.
The engineered rice provides a safe method for producing recombinant hLF for human health benefits.