The anatomic location of digital glomus tumor recurrences

We examined the anatomic location of recurrences of digital glomus tumors treated with surgical excision to make inferences on the causes of recurrence.

We retrospectively reviewed 12 cases of glomus tumors of the hand treated surgically over an 8-year period. Two of these patients presented with recurrences after previous glomus tumor excision surgery elsewhere. The location of recurrences, duration of symptoms, gender, revision surgeries, and histological specimens were analyzed.

All tumors developed in the periungual and subungual area of the digits. Five of the 12 patients had recurrences, with one of these patients having a second recurrence after revision surgery. All recurrent tumors occurred in new, separate locations from the original lesions. The recurrences presented from 2 months to 5 years after the initial surgery. All surgical specimens from the index surgeries, as well as revision procedures, were examined by a pathologist and confirmed to be glomus tumors. There were no discernible differences in the histology features of the tumors that recurred compared to those that did not.

Traditionally, recurrences of digital glomus tumors after surgical excision are thought to be rare. Inadequate resection was considered the likely cause in most cases. However, recurrent symptoms might be attributed to small, synchronous, satellite lesions not detected during the original surgery. A careful preoperative and intraoperative examination for synchronous lesions should be made, and patients should be informed of the risk of recurrent symptoms.