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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 13, 2026

A Method for Investigating Age-related Differences in the Functional Connectivity of Cognitive Control Networks Associated with Dimensional Change Card Sort Performance
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Published on: May 7, 2014

Adult age differences in functional connectivity during executive control.

David J Madden1, Matthew C Costello, Nancy A Dennis

  • 1Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA. djm@geri.duke.edu

Neuroimage
|May 4, 2010
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Summary

Older adults show reduced functional connectivity in frontoparietal networks during task switching, impacting executive control efficiency. This decline in brain network communication, not white matter integrity, explains age-related task switching differences.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Executive functions, including task switching, decline with age.
  • Previous studies focused on global task switching effects, neglecting local switching within blocks.
  • Local task switching involves rapid adjustments between adjacent trials.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate age differences in local task switching using fMRI and DTI.
  • Examine brain activation and functional connectivity during local task switching in younger and older adults.
  • Determine the relationship between functional connectivity, white matter integrity, and task switching performance.

Main Methods:

  • Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) were employed.
  • Participants performed a cued word categorization task during fMRI.
  • Switch-related processing was isolated for cue and target stimuli.

Main Results:

  • Task switching activation magnitude was similar across age groups, but sustained activation showed age-related decline.
  • Younger adults exhibited higher functional connectivity in switch-related regions during cue processing compared to older adults.
  • Cue-related functional connectivity, not white matter integrity, correlated with age-related differences in task switching efficiency.

Conclusions:

  • Age-related decline in executive control may stem from reduced functional connectivity in frontoparietal networks.
  • Functional connectivity during the cue phase of task switching is crucial for efficient performance in older adults.
  • White matter integrity is not the primary driver of age-related functional connectivity differences in this task.