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Related Concept Videos

The Cochlea01:13

The Cochlea

The cochlea is a coiled structure in the inner ear that contains hair cells—the sensory receptors of the auditory system. Sound waves are transmitted to the cochlea by small bones attached to the eardrum called the ossicles, which vibrate the oval window that leads to the inner ear. This causes fluid in the chambers of the cochlea to move, vibrating the basilar membrane.
Hair Cells01:22

Hair Cells

Hair cells are the sensory receptors of the auditory system—they transduce mechanical sound waves into electrical energy that the nervous system can understand. Hair cells are located in the organ of Corti within the cochlea of the inner ear, between the basilar and tectorial membranes. The actual sensory receptors are called inner hair cells. The outer hair cells serve other functions, such as sound amplification in the cochlea, and are not discussed in detail here.
Auditory Pathway01:15

Auditory Pathway

Auditory pathways constitute the complex neural circuits responsible for transmitting and interpreting auditory information from the peripheral auditory system to the brain. Sound waves are initially captured by the outer ear, funneled through the ear canal, and reach the tympanic membrane (eardrum). These vibrations are transmitted via the middle ear's ossicles to the inner ear's cochlea.
When viewed cross-sectionally, the cochlea reveals the scala vestibuli and scala tympani flanking the...
Anatomy of the Ear01:16

Anatomy of the Ear

Auditory sensation, commonly called hearing, involves the transformation of sonic waves into neural impulses facilitated by the structures of the auditory organ. The prominent, flesh-like structure on the side of the head, called the auricle, directs sound waves towards the auditory canal. The auricle is often mislabeled as the pinna, a term more aligned with mobile structures like a feline's external ear. The auditory canal penetrates the cranium via the external auditory meatus of the...
Hearing01:31

Hearing

When we hear a sound, our nervous system is detecting sound waves—pressure waves of mechanical energy traveling through a medium. The frequency of the wave is perceived as pitch, while the amplitude is perceived as loudness.
Perceiving Loudness, Pitch, and Location01:21

Perceiving Loudness, Pitch, and Location

The human brain perceives pitch through two primary mechanisms reflected in place theory and frequency theory. Each mechanism describes how sound waves are interpreted as specific pitches by the brain, offering insights into the intricate processes of auditory perception.
Place theory, or place coding, suggests that different pitches are heard because various sound waves activate specific locations along the cochlea's basilar membrane. The brain determines the pitch of a sound by identifying...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 13, 2026

Systematic Hearing Performance Evaluation Process for Adolescents with Cochlear Implantation at Early Ages
06:04

Systematic Hearing Performance Evaluation Process for Adolescents with Cochlear Implantation at Early Ages

Published on: March 24, 2023

Cochlear changes in presbycusis with tinnitus.

Kyoichi Terao1, Sebahattin Cureoglu, Patricia A Schachern

  • 1Department of Otolaryngology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN55455, USA.

American Journal of Otolaryngology
|May 4, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Tinnitus in presbycusis patients is linked to greater outer hair cell loss and stria vascularis degeneration in the cochlea. Understanding these cochlear changes is key to developing effective tinnitus treatments.

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Last Updated: Jun 13, 2026

Systematic Hearing Performance Evaluation Process for Adolescents with Cochlear Implantation at Early Ages
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Published on: March 24, 2023

Morphological and Functional Evaluation of Ribbon Synapses at Specific Frequency Regions of the Mouse Cochlea
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09:44

Neuro-rehabilitation Approach for Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss

Published on: January 25, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Otolaryngology
  • Neuroscience
  • Histopathology

Background:

  • The mechanisms underlying tinnitus generation remain largely unknown, hindering effective treatment development.
  • Investigating cochlear histopathology in presbycusis with tinnitus is crucial for understanding tinnitus pathophysiology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To reveal and analyze the histopathologic findings of the cochlea in subjects with presbycusis and tinnitus.
  • To compare cochlear changes between individuals with and without tinnitus in the context of age-related hearing loss.

Main Methods:

  • A comparative study involving 8 temporal bones from subjects with presbycusis and tinnitus, and 8 from a control group with presbycusis but no tinnitus.
  • Quantitative analysis of spiral ganglion cells, cochlear hair cell loss (inner and outer), stria vascularis, and spiral ligament areas.

Main Results:

  • A significantly greater loss of outer hair cells was observed in the basal and upper middle turns of the cochlea in the tinnitus group compared to the control group.
  • The stria vascularis showed more significant atrophy in the basal turn of the cochlea in individuals with tinnitus.

Conclusions:

  • Tinnitus is more prevalent in presbycusis patients exhibiting more severe degeneration of outer hair cells.
  • Atrophy of the stria vascularis is also more pronounced in presbycusis patients experiencing tinnitus.
  • These findings highlight the association between specific cochlear pathologies and the presence of tinnitus in aging individuals.