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Related Concept Videos

Management of Insomnia01:19

Management of Insomnia

The sleep cycle, an integral part of human health, consists of several stages with distinct characteristics and functions. It begins with a transition from wakefulness to sleep, known as the light sleep phase, followed by the restorative deep sleep phase, essential for physical recovery and growth. The cycle concludes with the Rapid Eye Movement (REM) phase, characterized by high brain activity and vivid dreaming. Insomnia, a prevalent sleep disorder, involves difficulty falling asleep, staying...
Sedatives and Hypnotics Drugs: Miscellaneous Agents01:17

Sedatives and Hypnotics Drugs: Miscellaneous Agents

Sedatives and hypnotics encompass a wide range of substances, each with its unique mechanism of action, uses, and potential adverse effects.
Melatonin congeners like ramelteon (Rozerem) and tasimelteon (Hetlioz) selectively bind to melatonin receptors (MT1 and MT2) and thus mimic the actions of melatonin, a hormone that regulates sleep-wake cycles. Tasimelteon is primarily used for non-24-hour sleep-wake disorder, common in blind patients. They are also used to treat conditions like insomnia...
Sedatives and Hypnotics: Overview01:23

Sedatives and Hypnotics: Overview

Sedatives are drugs that alleviate anxiety, while hypnotics induce sleep. Both classes of medication suppress neuronal activity, leading to a calming effect for sedatives and facilitating sleep for hypnotics.
Sedative-hypnotics are categorized into barbiturates, benzodiazepines (BZDs), and non-benzodiazepines or Z-drugs. These drugs work by suppressing central nervous system activity, and this suppression is dose-dependent. Older sedative medications, like barbiturates, follow a linear curve in...
Understanding Sleep01:11

Understanding Sleep

Sleep, an essential biological state, involves significant reductions in physical activity, sensory awareness, and interaction with the environment. This complex physiological process is primarily regulated by specific brain regions, notably the hypothalamus and pons, which govern the sleep-wake cycle or circadian rhythm.
The circadian rhythm, a nearly 24-hour cycle, is deeply influenced by environmental light cues. Light exposure directly affects the hypothalamus, which in turn regulates...
Chronopharmacokinetics: Circadian Rhythms and Influence on Drug Response01:15

Chronopharmacokinetics: Circadian Rhythms and Influence on Drug Response

Circadian rhythms are cyclic changes that are crucial in plasma drug concentrations. Various standard circadian parameters, including core body temperature, heart rate, and other cardiovascular factors, directly impact disease states and the therapeutic response to drug therapy.
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Nightmares and Night Terrors

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Related Experiment Videos

Melatonin in septic shock: some recent concepts.

Venkataramanujan Srinivasan1, Seithikurippu R Pandi-Perumal, D Warren Spence

  • 1Sri Sathya Sai Medical Educational and Research Foundation, Prsanthi Nilayam, Plot-40 Kovai Thirunagar, Coimbatore 641014, India.

Journal of Critical Care
|May 4, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Melatonin, a hormone with diverse roles, shows promise in treating inflammation and infections. Its anti-inflammatory and protective effects may help combat sepsis and organ failure.

Related Experiment Videos

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology and Molecular Biology
  • Immunology and Infectious Diseases
  • Critical Care Medicine

Background:

  • Melatonin is a pleiotropic hormone synthesized in various organs beyond the pineal gland.
  • It plays crucial physiological roles in circadian rhythm, immunity, antioxidant defense, and mood regulation.
  • Emerging evidence suggests melatonin's efficacy against bacterial and viral infections.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the anti-inflammatory and protective mechanisms of melatonin.
  • To evaluate melatonin's potential therapeutic benefits in models of inflammation, sepsis, and septic shock.
  • To discuss the clinical significance of melatonin in treating multiorgan failure.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on melatonin's physiological roles and therapeutic applications.
  • Analysis of data from animal models of inflammation and septic shock.
  • Examination of clinical findings in patients with septic disease.

Main Results:

  • Melatonin exhibits potent anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting nitric oxide synthase and reducing peroxynitrite.
  • It enhances antioxidant defense through stimulation of antioxidant enzymes and protects mitochondrial function, preventing apoptosis.
  • Beneficial effects of melatonin were observed in arresting cellular damage and preventing multiorgan failure in septic shock models and patients.

Conclusions:

  • Melatonin possesses significant anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective properties.
  • Its multifaceted actions suggest a promising therapeutic potential for managing sepsis and associated multiorgan failure.
  • Further investigation into melatonin's clinical utility for critical conditions is warranted.