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Updated: Jun 13, 2026

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Published on: March 9, 2017
Intraductal proliferative lesions of the breast: morphology, associated risk and molecular biology
1Department of Histopathology, University of Nottingham, Molecular Medical Sciences, Nottingham City Hospital, Nottingham, UK. ian.ellis@nottingham.ac.uk
Abstract:
The main objectives of this review are (1) to review the histological criteria and terminology for usual ductal hyperplasia, atypical ductal hyperplasia, flat epithelial atypia and ductal carcinoma in situ; (2) to provide an overview of the risk of breast cancer associated with these various lesions; (3) to discuss established and emerging data on the molecular biology and pathogenesis of these lesions and (4) to discuss management when detected in diagnostic needle core and surgical diagnostic specimens.
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