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Updated: Jun 13, 2026
Motor Imagery Brain-Computer Interface in Rehabilitation of Upper Limb Motor Dysfunction After Stroke
Published on: September 1, 2023
Post-stroke cognitive impairment at 3 months
1Neurology services, Internal Medicine, Lokmanya Tilak Municipal Medical College and Hospital, Sion, Mumbai, India.
Insights
Vascular cognitive impairment affects over 30% of stroke patients, with the Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB) often showing deficits even with normal Mini Mental Scale Examination (MMSE) scores.
Area of Science:
- Neurology
- Cognitive Science
- Stroke Research
Background:
- Vascular cognitive impairment is the only treatable cause of early dementia.
- Diverse etiologies necessitate sensitive diagnostic criteria.
Purpose of the Study:
- To assess cognitive functions 3 months post-stroke using MMSE and FAB.
- To correlate cognitive function with ischemic stroke subgroups.
Main Methods:
- 164 stroke patients were evaluated at 3 months.
- Cognitive function assessed using Mini Mental Scale Examination (MMSE) and Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB).
- Patients categorized by infarct type (multiple, cortical).
Main Results:
- 31.7% of patients (52/164) showed impairment in either MMSE or FAB.
- 53.8% of impaired patients (28/52) had isolated FAB deficits with normal MMSE.
- Memory deficits were more common in multiple infarct strokes.
Conclusions:
- Cognitive impairment is common post-stroke, often presenting as isolated frontal executive dysfunction.
- FAB is a sensitive tool for detecting subtle cognitive deficits after stroke.
- Stroke type influences specific cognitive impairments, particularly memory.
Background:
Vascular cognitive impairment, being the only treatable cause of dementia in the early stages, and having a diverse etiology, requires sensitive criteria for definition.
Aim:
This study aimed to study cognitive functions at 3 months post-stroke, utilising the Mini mental scale examination (MMSE) and the Frontal assessment battery (FAB), and to correlate the same with subgroups of ischemic stroke.
Results:
164 patients were studied, 108 of these having multiple infarcts. Pure cortical infarcts were seen in 41 patients. At 3 months, 112/164 patients had MMSE more than 24, with no frontal executive dysfunction. MMSE score less than 24 was seen in 24 patients, all of them having FAB score below 10. Normal MMSE with impaired FAB was seen in 28 patients.
Conclusions:
Impairment on either the MMSE or the FAB was thus seen in 31.7% patients (52/164), at 3 months after stroke. FAB impairment alone, with MMSE in normal range, was seen in 28/52 (53.8%) patients. Memory was significantly more commonly affected in muti-infarct strokes as compared to single infarcts. Frontal executive dysfunction was not significantly different when single and multiple infarcts, or cortical and subcortical infarcts, were compared.
