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Related Concept Videos

Arboviral Encephalitis01:25

Arboviral Encephalitis

Arboviral encephalitis refers to brain inflammation caused by arthropod-borne viruses, particularly those transmitted through mosquito vectors. Among these, West Nile virus (WNV), a member of the Flaviviridae family, is a significant public health concern. WNV is an enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus. Human infection typically begins when an infected mosquito introduces the virus into the dermis during feeding. The primary transmission cycle involves birds as amplifying hosts...
Infectious Diseases and Their Occurrence01:28

Infectious Diseases and Their Occurrence

Infectious diseases appear in populations through various transmission patterns, influenced by pathogen characteristics, population immunity, environmental conditions, and social behavior. Understanding these patterns is essential for effective public health surveillance and intervention. These categories—sporadic, outbreak, epidemic, pandemic, and endemic—help frame the nature and scope of disease events.Sporadic diseases occur irregularly and infrequently, without a predictable temporal or...
Yellow Fever01:18

Yellow Fever

Yellow fever is a viral hemorrhagic disease caused by the yellow fever virus (YFV), a member of the Flaviviridae family. It is transmitted primarily by Aedes and Haemagogus mosquitoes in tropical and subtropical regions of Africa and South America. After transmission through a mosquito bite, the virus initially replicates in skin-resident immune cells such as dendritic cells and macrophages. These cells then migrate to the lymph nodes, where viral replication increases, eventually leading to...
American Trypanosomiasis01:22

American Trypanosomiasis

Chagas disease, or American trypanosomiasis, is a vector-borne parasitic infection caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, a flagellated protozoan (kinetoplastid) of the family Trypanosomatidae. The disease is endemic in Latin America, although cases are increasingly reported worldwide due to human migration. Transmission most commonly occurs when feces of infected triatomine bugs contaminate bite wounds or mucosal surfaces; additional routes include congenital, transfusional, transplant-related, and oral...
Encephalitis l: Introduction01:19

Encephalitis l: Introduction

Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma, most often due to infections or autoimmune processes. It presents with neuropsychiatric features such as fever, altered mental status, behavioral changes, cognitive dysfunction, seizures, focal deficits, and sometimes autonomic instability. In some cases, the meninges are also involved, resulting in meningoencephalitis.Infectious CausesInfectious encephalitis is most commonly viral but can also result from bacterial, fungal, or parasitic...
Viral Recombination00:57

Viral Recombination

Cells are sometimes infected by more than one virus at once. When two viruses disassemble to expose their genomes for replication in the same cell, similar regions of their genomes can pair together and exchange sequences in a process called recombination. Alternatively, viruses with segmented genomes can swap segments in a process called reassortment.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 13, 2026

Multiplexed Isothermal Amplification Based Diagnostic Platform to Detect Zika, Chikungunya, and Dengue 1
06:18

Multiplexed Isothermal Amplification Based Diagnostic Platform to Detect Zika, Chikungunya, and Dengue 1

Published on: March 13, 2018

Chikungunya: a potentially emerging epidemic?

Michelle M Thiboutot1, Senthil Kannan, Omkar U Kawalekar

  • 1Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America.

Plos Neglected Tropical Diseases
|May 4, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Chikungunya virus, a mosquito-borne illness, causes severe joint pain and fever. This review highlights the urgent need for a vaccine due to its increasing global spread and lack of treatment.

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Vector Competence Analyses on Aedes aegypti Mosquitoes using Zika Virus
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Vector Competence Analyses on Aedes aegypti Mosquitoes using Zika Virus

Published on: May 31, 2020

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Last Updated: Jun 13, 2026

Multiplexed Isothermal Amplification Based Diagnostic Platform to Detect Zika, Chikungunya, and Dengue 1
06:18

Multiplexed Isothermal Amplification Based Diagnostic Platform to Detect Zika, Chikungunya, and Dengue 1

Published on: March 13, 2018

Vector Competence Analyses on Aedes aegypti Mosquitoes using Zika Virus
10:35

Vector Competence Analyses on Aedes aegypti Mosquitoes using Zika Virus

Published on: May 31, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Epidemiology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is an emerging mosquito-borne pathogen causing significant human health impacts, including fever, headache, rash, and severe arthralgia.
  • Originating in Africa, CHIKV has caused large outbreaks in Southeast Asia, Europe, and has been detected in travelers returning to the United States.
  • The absence of specific vaccines or antiviral treatments poses a substantial public health challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current evidence supporting the need for an effective vaccine against Chikungunya virus.
  • To address the challenges posed by seasonal epidemics and the threat of a global pandemic.

Main Methods:

  • This is a review article, summarizing existing scientific literature and evidence.
  • Key concepts related to Chikungunya virus epidemiology, pathogenesis, and vaccine development are discussed.

Main Results:

  • Chikungunya virus outbreaks are increasing globally, affecting human health with debilitating symptoms.
  • Current medical interventions are limited to supportive care, emphasizing the critical need for preventative measures.

Conclusions:

  • The growing threat of Chikungunya virus necessitates the development of a safe and effective vaccine.
  • Addressing seasonal epidemics and pandemic potential requires a concerted global effort in vaccine research and development.