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Related Concept Videos

Ophthalmic Drug Delivery Systems01:23

Ophthalmic Drug Delivery Systems

Ophthalmic drug delivery faces major limitations due to poor absorption across the corneal membrane. This process is primarily driven by diffusion and is influenced by two main factors: the physicochemical properties of the drug and tear drainage. Most ophthalmic drugs, such as pilocarpine, epinephrine, atropine, and local anesthetics, are weak bases. They are typically formulated at an acidic pH to enhance chemical stability. However, this leads to high ionization, reducing their ability to...
Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes01:22

Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes

Drug delivery methods like oral inhalation, nasal sprays, transdermal patches, eye drops, intravitreal injection,  and rectal administration provide localized effects with reduced toxicity.
Oral inhalation and nasal sprays swiftly transfer drugs across the respiratory epithelium's mucosal layer. Inhaled glucocorticoids and bronchodilators directly target lung conditions such as asthma, while fluticasone nasal spray mitigates allergic rhinitis.
Transdermal patches transport drugs through the...
Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment01:28

Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment

Angle-closure glaucoma, or closed-angle glaucoma, is an eye condition where the iris bulges out and blocks the iridocorneal angle, resulting in a buildup of aqueous humor and increased intraocular pressure. Immediate medical attention is necessary due to the sudden onset of symptoms. The treatment for angle-closure glaucoma includes short-term and long-term approaches. Short-term treatment involves using eye drops like pilocarpine to lower intraocular pressure by increasing aqueous humor...
Oral Drug Delivery Systems: Introduction01:23

Oral Drug Delivery Systems: Introduction

Oral drug delivery is the most common route of administration due to its convenience, cost-effectiveness, and high patient compliance. It enables precise formulation to ensure proper drug dosage and bioavailability. The development of oral dosage forms considers drug properties such as solubility, stability, and absorption to optimize therapeutic efficacy.Tablets, capsules, liquids, and chewable formulations enhance drug stability, mask undesirable tastes, and improve patient experience.
Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment01:27

Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment

In open-angle glaucoma, the iridocorneal angle remains open, but the trabecular meshwork becomes stiff, slowing down the outflow of aqueous humor. This causes a buildup of aqueous humor in the anterior chamber, leading to a sudden increase in intraocular pressure. The treatment for open-angle glaucoma focuses on reducing the elevated intraocular pressure by either decreasing the secretion of aqueous humor or increasing its outflow.
Drugs such as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, α2- and...
Drug Delivery: Overview01:16

Drug Delivery: Overview

The selection of a drug's delivery route depends upon its physicochemical properties, including lipid or water solubility and ionization, as well as the therapeutic requirement, such as immediate or sustained effect. These routes can be divided into three primary categories: enteral, parenteral, and topical.
Enteral delivery involves administering drugs directly through swallowing, sublingual placement, or buccal application. Orally administered drugs predominantly navigate the gastrointestinal...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 13, 2026

Ocular Therapeutic Delivery and Advanced Tissue Retrieval in Adult Rats
06:30

Ocular Therapeutic Delivery and Advanced Tissue Retrieval in Adult Rats

Published on: May 23, 2025

Ocular drug delivery.

Ripal Gaudana1, Hari Krishna Ananthula, Ashwin Parenky

  • 1Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 2464 Charlotte St., Kansas City, Missouri 64108-2718, USA.

The AAPS Journal
|May 4, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Ocular drug delivery faces challenges from eye barriers. New strategies like nanoparticles and targeted delivery aim to improve drug access, especially to the posterior segment of the eye.

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Pharmaceutics
  • Drug Delivery Science

Background:

  • Ocular drug delivery is complex due to the eye's unique anatomy and physiology, including static and dynamic barriers.
  • These barriers, along with efflux pumps, significantly impede drug penetration, particularly to the posterior ocular segment.
  • Existing challenges necessitate innovative approaches for effective ophthalmic drug administration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current advancements in overcoming ocular drug delivery challenges.
  • To highlight strategies targeting ocular barriers for improved drug bioavailability.
  • To explore novel noninvasive and sustained drug delivery systems for anterior and posterior segment diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Exploration of transporter-targeted drug delivery systems utilizing influx transporters.

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Intracameral Injection in Rats with Low Risk of Adverse Effects

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  • Investigation of colloidal systems like nanoparticles, nanomicelles, liposomes, and microemulsions.
  • Development of novel strategies including bioadhesive gels and fibrin sealant-based approaches for sustained release.

    • Main Results:

    • Identification of influx transporters offers a pathway for targeted ocular drug delivery.
    • Colloidal drug delivery systems demonstrate potential in overcoming ocular barriers.
    • Novel approaches like bioadhesive gels and topical sustained delivery systems show promise for enhanced drug levels.

    Conclusions:

    • Advancements in ocular drug delivery are crucial for treating anterior and posterior segment diseases.
    • Noninvasive, sustained drug delivery systems, particularly for topical application, hold significant potential.
    • Future developments aim to drastically improve drug delivery efficiency and patient outcomes in ophthalmology.